scholarly journals Determination of Traffic Characteristics of Elastic Optical Networks Nodes with Reservation Mechanisms

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
Maciej Sobieraj ◽  
Piotr Zwierzykowski ◽  
Erich Leitgeb
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Resource Reservation ◽  
Loss Probability ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Switching Network ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Increasing Demand

With the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth, appropriate mechanisms that would provide reliable and optimum service level to designated or specified traffic classes during heavy traffic loads in networks are becoming particularly sought after. One of these mechanisms is the resource reservation mechanism, in which parts of the resources are available only to selected (pre-defined) services. While considering modern elastic optical networks (EONs) where advanced data transmission techniques are used, an attempt was made to develop a simulation program that would make it possible to determine the traffic characteristics of the nodes in EONs. This article discusses a simulation program that has the advantage of providing the possibility to determine the loss probability for individual service classes in the nodes of an EON where the resource reservation mechanism has been introduced. The initial assumption in the article is that a Clos optical switching network is used to construct the EON nodes. The results obtained with the simulator developed by the authors will allow the influence of the introduced reservation mechanism on the loss probability of calls of individual traffic classes that are offered to the system under consideration to be determined.

scholarly journals Modelling and Optimization of Multi-Service Optical Switching Networks with Threshold Management Mechanisms

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Maciej Sobieraj ◽  
Piotr Zwierzykowski ◽  
Erich Leitgeb
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Switching Networks ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Threshold Mechanism ◽  
Optical Switching Networks

DWDM networks make use of optical switching networks that allow light waves of multiple lengths to be serviced and provide the possibility of converting them appropriately. Research work on optical switching networks focuses on two main areas of interest: new non-blocking structures for optical switching networks and finding traffic characteristics of switching networks of the structures that are already well known. In practical design of switching nodes in optical networks, in many cases, the Clos switching networks are successfully used. Clos switching networks are also used in Elastic Optical Networks that can effectively manage allocation of resources to individual multi-service traffic streams. The research outcomes presented in this article deal with the problems of finding traffic characteristics in blocking optical switching networks with known structures. This article aims at presenting an analysis of the influence of traffic management threshold mechanisms on the traffic characteristics of multi-service blocking Clos switching networks that are used in the nodes of elastic optical networks as well as their influence on the traffic efficiency of network nodes. The analysis was carried out on the basis of research studies performed in a specially dedicated purpose-made simulation environment. The article presents a description of the simulation environment used in the experiments. The study was focused on the influence of the threshold mechanism, which is one of the most commonly used and elastic traffic management mechanisms, and on the traffic characteristics of switching networks that service different mixtures of multi-service Erlang, Engset and Pascal traffic streams. The conducted study validates the operational effectiveness and practicality of the application of the threshold mechanism to model traffic characteristics of nodes in an elastic optical network.

scholarly journals The optical properties of different materials used for thermo-optical switches

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Michaela Holá ◽  
Martin Králik ◽  
Jarmila Müllerová ◽  
L’ubomír Scholtz
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Optical Burst Switching ◽  
Optical Switches ◽  
Switching Network ◽  
Switching Networks ◽  
Burst Switching ◽  
Optical Burst Switching Networks ◽  
Optical Burst

Abstract With growing demands of internet protocol services for transmission capacity and speed, the solution for future high speed optical networks is optical burst switching that is a technology for transmitting large amounts of data bursts through a transparent optical switching network the optical switches in optical burst switching networks play important role in the resource reservation and are very important to ensure reliability and flexibility of the network. This paper is focused on the very important components of Optical Burst Switching networks, ieo ptical switches, specifically thermo-optical switches. In this paper are presented the simulation analysis of performance evaluation of thermo-optical switches executed in the model of Optical Burst Switching network and simulation study of investigation of influence of roughness and layer thickness on the optical properties (spectral reflectance, transmittance) of selected materials (SiO2, Ta2O5, Al2O3) for thermooptical switches.

scholarly journals Hybrid optimized approaches for routing and resource reservation protocols in optical networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Akhtar Nawaz Khan ◽  
Hassan Yousif ◽  
Medien Zeghid ◽  
Samir Brahim Belhaouari ◽  
Waqas Ahmed Imtiaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Resource Reservation

scholarly journals Energy challenges in optical access and aggregation networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2062) ◽  
pp. 20140435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Kilper ◽  
Houman Rastegarfar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Total System ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Processor Core

Scalability is a critical issue for access and aggregation networks as they must support the growth in both the size of data capacity demands and the multiplicity of access points. The number of connected devices, the Internet of Things, is growing to the tens of billions. Prevailing communication paradigms are reaching physical limitations that make continued growth problematic. Challenges are emerging in electronic and optical systems and energy increasingly plays a central role. With the spectral efficiency of optical systems approaching the Shannon limit, increasing parallelism is required to support higher capacities. For electronic systems, as the density and speed increases, the total system energy, thermal density and energy per bit are moving into regimes that become impractical to support—for example requiring single-chip processor powers above the 100 W limit common today. We examine communication network scaling and energy use from the Internet core down to the computer processor core and consider implications for optical networks. Optical switching in data centres is identified as a potential model from which scalable access and aggregation networks for the future Internet, with the application of integrated photonic devices and intelligent hybrid networking, will emerge.

Analysing the Performance of a Fuzzy Lane Changing Model Using Data Mining

2015 ◽  
pp. 1540-1566
Author(s):  
Sara Moridpour
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Microscopic Traffic Simulation ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Using Data

Heavy vehicles have substantial impact on traffic flow particularly during heavy traffic conditions. Large amount of heavy vehicle lane changing manoeuvres may increase the number of traffic accidents and therefore reduce the freeway safety. Improving road capacity and enhancing traffic safety on freeways has been the motivation to establish heavy vehicle lane restriction strategies to reduce the interaction between heavy vehicles and passenger cars. In previous studies, different heavy vehicle lane restriction strategies have been evaluated using microscopic traffic simulation packages. Microscopic traffic simulation packages generally use a common model to estimate the lane changing of heavy vehicles and passenger cars. The common lane changing models ignore the differences exist in the lane changing behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger car drivers. An exclusive fuzzy lane changing model for heavy vehicles is developed and presented in this chapter. This fuzzy model can increase the accuracy of simulation models in estimating the macroscopic and microscopic traffic characteristics. The results of this chapter shows that using an exclusive lane changing model for heavy vehicles, results in more reliable evaluation of lane restriction strategies.

Design of Hybrid Optical Switching Network

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 060602
Author(s):  
张瑾 Zhang Jin ◽  
徐世中 Xu Shizhong ◽  
王晟 Wang Sheng ◽  
王雄 Wang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Switching Network

Designing Hybrid Optical Switching Network Using Protection Resource

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 050601
Author(s):  
易厚梅 Yi Houmei ◽  
徐世中 Xu Shizhong ◽  
王晟 Wang Sheng ◽  
王雄 Wang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Switching Network

High-Capacity Super-Channel-Enabled Multi-Core Fiber Optical Switching System for Converged Inter/Intra Data Center and Edge Optical Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Delgado Mendinueta ◽  
Satoshi Shinada ◽  
Yusuke Hirota ◽  
Hideaki Furukawa ◽  
Naoya Wada
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Switching System ◽  
Fiber Optical ◽  
Core Fiber

Analysis of a GMPLS enabled hybrid optical switching network

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Fiorani ◽  
Maurizio Casoni ◽  
Slavisa Aleksic
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Switching Network
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