Construction of a photo-controlled fluorescent switching with diarylethene modified carbon dots

Photo-controlled fluorescent switching is of great utility in fluorescence sensors, reversible data storage, and logic circuit, based on their modifiable emission intensity and spectra. In this work, a novel photo-controlled reversible fluorescent switching system was constructed based on photochromic diarylethene (DT) molecular modified fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). The fluorescent CDs acted as fluorescent donors and the photochromic diarylethene molecular functioned as acceptors in this fluorescent switching system. The fluorescence modulation efficiency of the fluorescent switching was determined to be 97.1%. The result was attributable to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the CDs and the diarylethene molecular. The fluorescent switching could undergo 20 cycles without significant decay.

Adaptive Visual Servoing for Obstacle Avoidance of Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Optical Flow and Switched System Model

A vision-based adaptive switching controller that uses optical flow information to avoid obstacles for micro unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAV) is proposed in this paper. To use the optical flow to indicate the distance between the MUAV and the environment, we propose an algorithm with multi-thread processing such that the optical flow information is obtained reliably and continuously in the entire camera field of view. The flying behavior of considered MUAV is regarded as a switching system when considering different flying modes during the mission of obstacle avoidance. By the required flight direction for obstacle avoidance specified by the detected optical flow, an adaptive control scheme is designed to track the required trajectory in switching modes. The simulation result shows the tracking performances of the adaptive control with the switching system. The experiment of the whole system is completed to verify the obstacle avoidance capability of our system.

Field oriented control of PMSM drive with backup power supply

The primary purpose of the article is to examine the field oriented control system of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) electric drive with backup power supply. Authors propose to use bi-directional DC-DC converter to ensure the «hot» backup operation mode in case of grid fault. The change-over switching system, which provide transfer of voltage-source inverter (VSI) from DC link to the backup power source is considered. The presented system provides a good dynamic transient process; the results are confirmed by simulation in Psim software. Moreover, based on the results acquired, an electric drive based on PMSM with field oriented control and a backup power supply system from the battery via a bi-directional DC-DC converter is capable of operating according to the principles of «hot» backup.

Open-loop and closed-loop solvabilities for stochastic linear quadratic optimal control problems of Markovian regime switching system

This paper investigates the stochastic linear quadratic (LQ, for short) optimal control problem of Markovian regime switching system. The representation of the cost functional for the stochastic LQ optimal control problem of Markovian regime switching system is derived by the technique of It{\^o}'s formula with jumps. For the stochastic LQ optimal control problem of Markovian regime switching system, we establish the equivalence between the open-loop (closed-loop, resp.) solvability and the existence of an adapted solution to the corresponding forward-backward stochastic differential equation with constraint (the existence of a regular solution to Riccati equations). Also, we analyze the interrelationship between the strongly regular solvability of Riccati equations and the uniform convexity of the cost functional. Finally, we present an example which is open-loop solvable but not closed-loop solvable.

Garden Watering System

Automatic plant watering system, which is taken into account together of the foremost commonly used and therefore the most beneficial automated systems nowadays, help people in their daily activities by reducing or completely replacing their effort. This system uses sensor technology along with microcontroller and other electronics to behave like a smart switching system that senses soil moisture level and irrigates the plant if necessary. The purpose of this work is to show how someone can easily make their own and cheap automatic plant watering system in just a few hours by connecting certain electronic components and other materials required. In our experiment, we connected all required materials exactly as shown in this paper, to test whether our system will work properly or not. Although the system made in that way would be the most appropriate for home usage as the solution for some daily and usual issues, there is a wide spectrum of possibilities of implementing these systems as a long-term solution for several agricultural and medical problems, a number of which are undernourishment and pollution as most prominent, dangerous and important ones. The project we've undertaken is “Garden watering system”. This project is taken up as in India there is a Garden Watering rate at which water resources are depleting is a dangerous threat hence there is a need for a smart and efficient way of Garden Watering. In this project, we have implemented sensors which detect the humidity in the soil (Garden) and supply water to the field which has water requirement. The project is Atmega 328P microcontroller-based design that controls the water supply and the field to be irrigated. There are sensors present in each field that are not activated till water is present on the field. Once the sector gets dry sensors to sense the need of water within the field and send a sign to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then supplies water to that particular field which has water requirements till the sensors are deactivated again. In case, when there's quite one signal for water requirement then the microcontroller will prioritize the primary received signal and irrigate the fields accordingly. The development of the Garden Watering system based on microcontrollers at an experimental scale within rural areas is presented. The implementation aimed to demonstrate that automatic Garden Watering can be used to reduce water use.

Rapid appetitive transitions are sculpted by amygdala to accumbens pathways

Foraging, pursuit, and predation rapidly transition into behavioral quiescence during reward capture and consumption. While appetitive-consummatory dissociations are embedded at both psychological and neural levels, the mechanisms controlling switches or transitions between appetitive seeking and consummatory behaviors remain poorly understood. Here we identify the BLA→AcbSh pathway as critical to these transitions by showing that this pathway inhibits the appetitive seeking response in the presence of consummatory demands. Using an appetitive cue-discrimination task in male rats, we show that reward delivery is a significant driver of seeking inhibition and that a BLA→AcbSh pathway mediates this inhibition. This role in suppressing seeking responses during periods of consumption was not due to a general suppression of behavior because responding to other cues during the same test was unaffected. Moreover, it was specific to the BLA→AcbSh pathway, because the contribution of the BLA→AcbC pathway to appetitive switching was distinct and modest. State-dependent silencing of BLA→AcbSh revealed that the modulation of seeking before and after reward delivery are co-dependent. Finally, we found that BLA terminals in AcbSh have functional connectivity to LH-projecting AcbSh neurons, thereby identifying a BLA→AcbSh→LH pathway as a putative route for the rapid regulation of appetitive behaviors. Taken together, these findings suggest that the BLA→AcbSh pathway is a core component of an appetitive switching system, recruited under conditions requiring rapid or dynamic shifts in appetitive behavior, and that this pathway enables these shifts by actively inhibiting seeking.