scholarly journals Model Update Strategies about Object Tracking: A State of the Art Review

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Fang ◽  
Chen ◽  
Sun ◽  
Chen
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Target Location ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Target Model ◽  
Model Update ◽  
Tracking Model ◽  
Update Strategy ◽  
Specific Sequences

Object tracking has always been an interesting and essential research topic in the domain of computer vision, of which the model update mechanism is an essential work, therefore the robustness of it has become a crucial factor influencing the quality of tracking of a sequence. This review analyses on recent tracking model update strategies, where target model update occasion is first discussed, then we give a detailed discussion on update strategies of the target model based on the mainstream tracking frameworks, and the background update frameworks are discussed afterwards. The experimental performances of the trackers in recent researches acting on specific sequences are listed in this review, where the superiority and some failure cases on each of them are discussed, and conclusions based on those performances are then drawn. It is a crucial point that design of a proper background model as well as its update strategy ought to be put into consideration. A cascade update of the template corresponding to each deep network layer based on the contributions of them to the target recognition can also help with more accurate target location, where target saliency information can be utilized as a tool for state estimation.

scholarly journals Correlation Tracking via Self-Adaptive Fusion of Multiple Features

Information ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Peizhong Liu ◽  
Yongzhao Du ◽  
Yanmin Luo ◽  
Wancheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Correlation Filter ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Tracking Algorithms ◽  
Model Update ◽  
Adaptive Fusion ◽  
Tracking Model ◽  
Update Strategy ◽  
Self Adaptive

Correlation filter (CF) based tracking algorithms have shown excellent performance in comparison to most state-of-the-art algorithms on the object tracking benchmark (OTB). Nonetheless, most CF based tracking algorithms only consider limited single channel feature, and the tracking model always updated from frame-by-frame. It will generate some erroneous information when the target objects undergo sophisticated scenario changes, such as background clutter, occlusion, out-of-view, and so forth. Long-term accumulation of erroneous model updating will cause tracking drift. In order to address problems that are mentioned above, in this paper, we propose a robust multi-scale correlation filter tracking algorithm via self-adaptive fusion of multiple features. First, we fuse powerful multiple features including histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), color name (CN), and histogram of local intensities (HI) in the response layer. The weights assigned according to the proportion of response scores that are generated by each feature, which achieve self-adaptive fusion of multiple features for preferable feature representation. In the meantime the efficient model update strategy is proposed, which is performed by exploiting a pre-defined response threshold as discriminative condition for updating tracking model. In addition, we introduce an accurate multi-scale estimation method integrate with the model update strategy, which further improves the scale variation adaptability. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations on challenging video sequences demonstrate that the proposed tracker performs superiorly against the state-of-the-art CF based methods.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Context, Correlation Filter and Measurement Estimation Collaboration Based Visual Object Tracking

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2841
Author(s):  
Khizer Mehmood ◽  
Abdul Jalil ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Baber Khan ◽  
Maria Murad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Object Tracking ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Correlation Filter ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Target Model ◽  
Change Of Scale ◽  
Tracking Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Despite eminent progress in recent years, various challenges associated with object tracking algorithms such as scale variations, partial or full occlusions, background clutters, illumination variations are still required to be resolved with improved estimation for real-time applications. This paper proposes a robust and fast algorithm for object tracking based on spatio-temporal context (STC). A pyramid representation-based scale correlation filter is incorporated to overcome the STC’s inability on the rapid change of scale of target. It learns appearance induced by variations in the target scale sampled at a different set of scales. During occlusion, most correlation filter trackers start drifting due to the wrong update of samples. To prevent the target model from drift, an occlusion detection and handling mechanism are incorporated. Occlusion is detected from the peak correlation score of the response map. It continuously predicts target location during occlusion and passes it to the STC tracking model. After the successful detection of occlusion, an extended Kalman filter is used for occlusion handling. This decreases the chance of tracking failure as the Kalman filter continuously updates itself and the tracking model. Further improvement to the model is provided by fusion with average peak to correlation energy (APCE) criteria, which automatically update the target model to deal with environmental changes. Extensive calculations on the benchmark datasets indicate the efficacy of the proposed tracking method with state of the art in terms of performance analysis.

Effective appearance model update strategy in object tracking

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianglei Yin ◽  
Guixi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Appearance Model ◽  
Model Update ◽  
Update Strategy

scholarly journals Single object tracking algorithm in occlusion scene based on improved ECO

2021 ◽  
Vol 2132 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
Guorong Xie ◽  
Rongqi Jiang ◽  
Yi Qu
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
Single Object ◽  
Feature Map ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Deep Feature ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Update Strategy

Abstract To alleviate the occlusion problem in a single object tracking scene, this paper proposes an ECO-MHDU object tracking algorithm with a more powerful anti-occlusion performance based on the ECO tracker. The algorithm first uses the pre-trained MobileNetV3 lightweight backbone network on the ImageNet dataset to replace the ResNet network in the ECO to increase the speed of the algorithm to obtain the shallow and deep feature information of the image, while effectively using the attention mechanism in the MobileNetV3 network to strengthen the algorithm’s ability to extract target features; secondly, use the DropBlock operation on the acquired feature map to generate a random continuous mask on the feature map channel to improve the algorithm’s learning of the global robust spatial structure information; finally, a confidence update strategy is introduced into the GMM sample generation space. To improve the quality of training samples, unreliable tracking states such as confidence detection and occlusion are designed to avoid updating the sample space with damaging information. Compared with the ECO algorithm, the ECO-MHDU algorithm proposed in this paper has a success rate of 68.0% on the occlusion attributes of the OTB100 dataset, which is 2.3% higher than the ECO algorithm, and the ECO-MHDU algorithm also showed the best performance on the entire dataset sequence, with a success rate of 69.3%.

scholarly journals Robust object tracking via online discriminative appearance modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mean Shift ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Appearance Modeling ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Target Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Candidate Regions

Abstract A robust object tracking algorithm is proposed in this paper based on an online discriminative appearance modeling mechanism. In contrast with traditional trackers whose computations cover the whole target region and may easily be polluted by the similar background pixels, we divided the target into a number of patches and take the most discriminative one as the tracking basis. With the consideration of both the photometric and spatial information, we construct a discriminative target model on it. Then, a likelihood map can be got by comparing the target model with candidate regions, on which the mean shift procedure is employed for mode seeking. Finally, we update the target model to adapt to the appearance variation. Experimental results on a number of challenging video sequences confirm that the proposed method outperforms the related state-of-the-art trackers.

scholarly journals Re2EMA: Regularized and Reinitialized Exponential Moving Average for Target Model Update in Object Tracking

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 8457-8464
Author(s):  
Jianglei Huang ◽  
Wengang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Transformation Matrix ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Visual Object Tracking ◽  
Target Model ◽  
Model Update ◽  
Optimal Target

Target model update plays an important role in visual object tracking. However, performing optimal model update is challenging. In this work, we propose to achieve an optimal target model by learning a transformation matrix from the last target model to the newly generated one, which results into a minimization objective. In this objective, there exists two challenges. The first is that the newly generated target model is unreliable. To overcome this problem, we propose to impose a penalty to limit the distance between the learned target model and the last one. The second is that as time evolves, we can not decide whether the last target model has been corrupted or not. To get out of this dilemma, we propose a reinitialization term. Besides, to control the complexity of the transformation matrix, we also add a regularizer. We find that the optimization formula’s solution, with some simplifications, degenerates to EMA. Finally, despite the simplicity, extensive experiments conducted on several commonly used benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in relatively long term scenarios.

scholarly journals Visual Tracking with Object Center Displacement and CenterNet

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Object Tracking ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optical Center ◽  
Bounding Box ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Position Correction ◽  
Object Center ◽  
Set Of Points

Modern artificial intelligence systems have revolutionized approaches to scientific and technological challenges in a variety of fields, thus remarkable improvements in the quality of state-of-the-art computer vision and other techniques are observed; object tracking in video frames is a vital field of research that provides information about objects and their trajectories. This paper presents an object tracking method basing on optical flow generated between frames and a ConvNet method. Initially, optical center displacement is employed to detect possible the bounding box center of the tracked object. Then, CenterNet is used for object position correction. Given the initial set of points (i.e., bounding box) in first frame, the tracker tries to follow the motion of center of these points by looking at its direction of change in calculated optical flow with next frame, a correction mechanism takes place and waits for motions that surpass a correction threshold to launch position corrections.

scholarly journals Visual Object Tracking with Online Updating for Car Sharing Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhou Zhu ◽  
Haifeng Zhao ◽  
Fang Hui ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Current Frame ◽  
Visual Object Tracking ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Model Update ◽  
Image Pairs ◽  
Update Strategy

In this paper, we address the problem of online updating of visual object tracker for car sharing services. The key idea is to adjust the updating rate adaptively according to the tracking performance of the current frame. Instead of setting a fixed weight for all the frames in the updating of the object model, we assign the current frame a larger weight if its corresponding tracking result is relatively accurate and unbroken and a smaller weight on the contrary. To implement it, the current estimated bounding box’s intersection over union (IOU) is calculated by an IOU predictor which is trained offline on a large number of image pairs and used as a guidance to adjust the updating weights online. Finally, we imbed the proposed model update strategy in a lightweight baseline tracker. Experiment results on both traffic and nontraffic datasets verify that though the error of predicted IOU is inevitable, the proposed method can still improve the accuracy of object tracking compared with the baseline object tracker.

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