scholarly journals An Optimized Digital Watermarking Scheme Based on Invariant DC Coefficients in Spatial Domain

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Musrrat Ali ◽  
Chang Wook Ahn ◽  
Millie Pant ◽  
Sanoj Kumar ◽  
Manoj Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Spatial Domain ◽  
Quantization Parameter ◽  
Dct Transform ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Embed Watermark ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

Digital watermarking has become an essential and important tool for copyright protection, authentication, and security of multimedia contents. It is the process of embedding a watermark in the multimedia content and its extraction. Block-based discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a widely used method in digital watermarking. This paper proposes a novel blind image watermarking scheme developed in the spatial domain by quantization of invariant direct current (DC) coefficients. The cover image is redistributed and divided into non-overlapped square blocks and then the DC coefficients invariant to rotation, row and column flip operations, without utilization of the DCT transform, are directly calculated in the spatial domain. Utilizing the quantization parameter and watermark information, the modified DC coefficients and the difference between DC and modified DC coefficients are calculated to directly modify the pixel values to embed watermark bits in the spatial domain instead of the DCT domain. Optimal values of the quantization parameter, which plays a significant role in controlling the tradeoff between robustness and invisibility, are calculated through differential evolution (DE), the optimization algorithm. Experimental results, compared with the latest similar schemes, demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals Block-based Adaptive Image Watermarking Scheme using Visual Perception Model in DCT Domain

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Namazi ◽  
M. R. Karami ◽  
S. B. Ramazannia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
Perception Model ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

A robust image watermarking scheme in DCT domain based on adaptive texture direction quantization

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 8075-8089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Fang ◽  
Hang Zhou ◽  
Zehua Ma ◽  
Weiming Zhang ◽  
Nenghai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
Robust Image ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

scholarly journals Efficient Image Watermarking Using Filtered DWT-Blocks for Quantization of Significant Differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Huynh-The ◽  
Thuong Le-Tien ◽  
Tuan Nguyen-Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Adaptive Threshold ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Robust Blind Watermarking ◽  
Relationship Of

In the paper, a robust blind watermarking method is introduced for gray-scale images based on wavelet tree quantization with an adaptive threshold in the extraction. Every block of 2×2 coefficients of High-Low subbands of the Wavelet tranform are grouped in a block through the parent-child relationship of the wavelet tree. Every scrambled binary watermark bit is embedded into each block based on the difference value of two largest coefficients. The watermark is recovered by comparing the difference values in each block to an adaptive threshold. The accuracy of an extracted watermark depends on the threshold which is determined by minimizing the sum of weighted within-class variance. The performance of the proposed watermarking method is represented through experimental results under various types of attack such as, Histogram Equalization, Cropping, Low-pass Filtering, Gaussian noise, Salt & Pepper noise and JPEG compression. In additions, the proposed method is also compared to recent methods in the extraction performance.

NOVEL SELF-REFERENCE BASED IMAGE WATERMARKING SCHEME

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG-GANG FU ◽  
RUIMIN SHEN
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Jpeg Compression ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Quantization Step ◽  
Dct Transform ◽  
Gray Level Image ◽  
Watermarking Scheme ◽  
Self Reference

In this paper, a novel image watermarking scheme based on a self-reference technique is proposed. The meaningful watermark is embedded into a gray-level image according to the relation between the constructed reference image and the original host. In order to be robust against Jpeg compression, the reference image should be robust under Jpeg compression. Firstly, the original image is transformed into DCT domain; and then most of the high frequency coefficients are omitted; after the quantization step and inverse DCT transform, we can obtain a robust reference. By considering the relation between the original image and its reference, we can embed the watermark into the host. The watermark extraction process is oblivious. Experimental results under several attacks show good robustness of the proposed scheme. Especially under cropping and Jpeg compression attacks, the watermark can be extracted with only few errors.

Watermarking Techniques for DRM Applications

2009 ◽  
pp. 71-100
Author(s):  
Alessandro Piva ◽  
Roberto Caldelli ◽  
Alessia De Rosa ◽  
Mauro Barni ◽  
Vito Cappellini
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Digital Image Watermarking ◽  
Spread Spectrum Watermarking ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

The need to safeguard the property rights of multimedia content from unauthorized copying and the possibility to determine the true owners of the asset can be faced by resorting to efficient digital watermarking systems. This chapter presents a mathematical formulation to define a digital watermarking system and describes the general requirements to be satisfied, with more emphasis given to the aspects of security, robustness, and imperceptibility. After this general discussion, the two main classes of digital watermarking schemes, namely the spread-spectrum watermarking and the side-informed watermarking are explained by highlighting their main advantages and drawbacks. This analysis is completed by the description of a practical implementation of a digital image watermarking scheme. Finally, the use of watermarking systems in the framework of a DRM is deeply analyzed.

Adaptive Image Watermarking Scheme Using Fuzzy Entropy and GA-ELM Hybridization in DCT Domain for Copyright Protection

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Mehta ◽  
Navin Rajpal ◽  
Virendra P. Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Fuzzy Entropy ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

A New Robust Color Image Watermarking Based on DWT and DRT

2013 ◽  
Vol 278-280 ◽  
pp. 1366-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Teng ◽  
Xiu Feng Qiu ◽  
Jian Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Ridgelet Transform ◽  
Color Image Watermark ◽  
Robust Image ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

The copyright protection of multimedia information is more and more important in the digital age, digital watermarking is a solution to address the topic. This paper proposes a new robust image watermarking scheme based on discrete ridgelet transform (DRT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The scheme respectively embeds a copy of color image watermark into DWT domain and DRT domain, and uses a conception of semi-watermark. Experiment results demonstrate that the watermark can resist various attacks such as adding Gaussian or Union Distribution Noise, JPEG compression, brightness adjustment, contrast adjustment, altering color balance, lens blur, zooming in or out, cropping and some combined attacks etc.

scholarly journals Light Weight CNN based Robust Image Watermarking Scheme for Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
Dhaya R.
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Calculation Time ◽  
Geometric Type ◽  
Robust Image ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

In recent years, digital watermarking has improved the accuracy and resistance of watermarked images against many assaults, such as various noises and random dosage characteristics. Because, based on the most recent assault, all existing watermarking research techniques have an acceptable level of resistance. The deep learning approach is one of the most remarkable methods for guaranteeing maximal resistance in the watermarking system's digital image processing. In the digital watermarking technique, a smaller amount of calculation time with high robustness has recently become a difficult challenge. In this research study, the light weight convolution neural network (LW-CNN) technique is introduced and implemented for the digital watermarking scheme, which has more resilience than any other standard approaches. Because of the LW-CNN framework's feature selection, the calculation time has been reduced. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the robustness of two distinct assaults, collusion and geometric type. This research work has reduced the calculation time and made the system more resistant to current assaults.

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