scholarly journals An Intelligent Battery Energy Storage-Based Controller for Power Quality Improvement in Microgrids

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaber Alshehri ◽  
Muhammad Khalid ◽  
Ahmed Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Battery Energy

Modern power systems rely on renewable energy sources and distributed generation systems more than ever before; the combination of those two along with advanced energy storage systems contributed widely to the development of microgrids (MGs). One of the significant technical challenges in MG applications is to improve the power quality of the system subjected to unknown disturbances. Hence innovative control strategies are vital to cope with the problem. In this paper, an innovative online intelligent energy storage-based controller is proposed to improve the power quality of a MG system; in particular, voltage and frequency regulation at steady state conditions are targeted. The MG system under consideration in this paper consists of two distributed generators, a diesel synchronous generator, and a photovoltaic power system integrated with a battery energy storage system. The proposed control approach is based on hybrid differential evolution optimization (DEO) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The controller parameters have been optimized under several operating conditions. The obtained input and output patterns are consequently used to train the ANNs in order to perform an online tuning for the controller parameters. Finally, the proposed DEO-ANN methodology has been evaluated under random disturbances, and its performance is compared with a benchmark controller.

scholarly journals Investigation of Black-Starting and Islanding Capabilities of a Battery Energy Storage System Supplying a Microgrid Consisting of Wind Turbines, Impedance- and Motor-Loads

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5170
Author(s):  
Jürgen Marchgraber ◽  
Wolfgang Gawlik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Battery Energy

Microgrids are small scale electrical power systems that comprise distributed energy resources (DER), loads, and storage devices. The integration of DER into the electrical power system basically allows the clustering of small parts of the main grid into Microgrids. Due to the increasing amount of renewable energy, which is integrated into the main grid, high power fluctuations are expected to become common in the next years. This carries the risk of blackouts to be also more likely in the future. Microgrids hold the potential of increasing reliability of supply, since they are capable of providing a backup supply during a blackout of the main grid. This paper investigates the black-starting and islanding capabilities of a battery energy storage system (BESS) in order to provide a possible backup supply for a small part of the main grid. Based on field tests in a real Microgrid, the backup supply of a residential medium voltage grid is tested. Whereas local wind turbines within this grid section are integrated into this Microgrid during the field test, the supply of households is reproduced by artificial loads consisting of impedance- and motor loads, since a supply of real households carries a high risk of safety issues and open questions regarding legal responsibility. To operate other DER during the island operation of such a Microgrid, control mechanisms have to ensure the power capabilities and energy reserves of the BESS to be respected. Since the operation during a backup supply of such a Microgrid requires a simple implementation, this paper presents a simple master–slave control approach, which influences the power output of other DER based on frequency characteristics without the need for further communication. Besides the operation of other DER, the capability to handle load changes during island operation while ensuring acceptable power quality is crucial for such a Microgrid. With the help of artificial loads, significant load changes of the residential grid section are reproduced and their influence on power quality is investigated during the field tests. Besides these load changes, the implementation and behavior of the master–slave control approach presented in this paper is tested. To prepare these field tests, simulations in Matlab/Simulink are performed to select appropriate sizes for the artificial loads and to estimate the expected behavior during the field tests. The field tests prove that a backup supply of a grid section during a blackout of the main grid by a BESS is possible. By creating the possibility of operating other DER during this backup supply, based on the master–slave control approach presented in this paper, the maximum duration for this backup supply can be increased.

scholarly journals Distributed Settlement of Frequency Regulation Based on a Battery Energy Storage System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houfei Lin ◽  
Jianxin Jin ◽  
Qidai Lin ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Chengzhi Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Power Dispatch ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Economic Power Dispatch ◽  
Distributed Method

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have wide applicability for frequency regulation services in power systems, owing to their fast response and flexibility. In this paper, a distributed method for frequency regulation based on the BESS is proposed, where the method includes two layers. The upper layer is a communication network composed of agents, which is used to transmit and process information, whilst the bottom layer comprises the power system with the BESS, which provides a frequency regulation service for the system. Furthermore, a set of fully distributed control laws for the BESS are derived from the proposed distributed method, where economic power dispatch and frequency recovery are simultaneously achieved. Finally, simulations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the system frequency regulation and economic power dispatch are achieved after considering the limits of the battery state of charge and communication delays.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Fast Battery Energy Storage System for Primary Frequency Response

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Stein ◽  
Moe Tun ◽  
Marc Matsuura ◽  
Richard Rocheleau
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Utility Company ◽  
Battery Energy

In response to increasing integration of renewable energy sources on electric grid systems, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are being deployed world-wide to provide grid services, including fast frequency regulation. Without mitigating technologies, such as BESSs, highly variable renewables can cause operational and reliability problems on isolated grids. Prior to the deployment of a BESS, an electric utility company will typically perform modeling to estimate cost benefits and determine grid impacts. While there may be a comparison of grid operations before and after BESS installation, passive monitoring typically does not provide information needed to tune the BESS such that the desired services are maintained, while also minimizing the cycling of the BESS. This paper presents the results of testing from a live grid using a method that systematically characterizes the performance of a BESS. The method is sensitive enough to discern how changes in tuning parameters effect both grid service and the cycling of the BESS. This paper discusses the application of this methodology to a 1 MW BESS regulating the entire island of Hawaii (180 MW peak load) in-situ. Significant mitigation of renewable volatility was demonstrated while minimizing BESS cycling.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Estimation of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Regulation

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascia Andrenacci ◽  
Elio Chiodo ◽  
Davide Lauria ◽  
Fabio Mottola
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy

An increasing share of renewable energy sources in power systems requires ad-hoc tools to guarantee the closeness of the system’s frequency to its rated value. At present, the use of new technologies, such as battery energy storage systems, is widely debated for its participation in the service of frequency containment. Since battery installation costs are still high, the estimation of their lifetime appears crucial in both the planning and operations of power systems’ regulation service. As the frequency response of batteries is strongly dependent on the stochastic nature of the various contingencies which can occur on power systems, the estimation of the battery lifetime is a very complex issue. In the present paper, the stochastic process which better represents the power system frequency is analyzed first; then the battery lifetime is properly estimated on the basis of realistic dynamic modeling including the state of the charge control strategy. The dynamic evolution of the state of charge is then used in combination with the celebrated rain-flow procedure with the aim of evaluating the number of charging/discharging cycles whose knowledge allows estimating the battery damage. Numerical simulations are carried out in the last part of the paper, highlighting the resulting lifetime probabilistic expectation and the impact of the state of the charge control strategy on the battery lifetime. The main findings of the present work are the proposed autoregressive model, which allows creating accurate pseudo-samples of frequency patterns and the analysis of the incidence of the control law on the battery lifetime. The numerical applications clearly show the prominent importance of this last aspect since it has an opposing impact on the economic issue by influencing the battery lifetime and technical effects by modifying the availability of the frequency regulation service.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Investments in Battery Energy Storage Systems: Review and Current Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Paulo Rotella Junior ◽  
Luiz Célio Souza Rocha ◽  
Sandra Naomi Morioka ◽  
Ivan Bolis ◽  
Gianfranco Chicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy

Sources such as solar and wind energy are intermittent, and this is seen as a barrier to their wide utilization. The increasing grid integration of intermittent renewable energy sources generation significantly changes the scenario of distribution grid operations. Such operational challenges are minimized by the incorporation of the energy storage system, which plays an important role in improving the stability and the reliability of the grid. This study provides the review of the state-of-the-art in the literature on the economic analysis of battery energy storage systems. The paper makes evident the growing interest of batteries as energy storage systems to improve techno-economic viability of renewable energy systems; provides a comprehensive overview of key methodological possibilities for researchers interested in economic analysis of battery energy storage systems; indicates the need to use adequate economic indicators for investment decisions; and identifies key research topics of the analyzed literature: (i) photovoltaic systems with battery energy storage systems for residential areas, (ii) comparison between energy storage technologies, (iii) power quality improvement. The last key contribution is the proposed research agenda.

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