scholarly journals Mitigation of Over-Frequency through Optimal Allocation of BESS in a Low-Inertia Power System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4555
Author(s):  
Nahid-Al Masood ◽  
Md. Nahid Haque Shazon ◽  
Hasin Mussayab Ahmed ◽  
Shohana Rahman Deeba
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Storage System ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Battery Energy

The primary objective of this paper is to alleviate the over-frequency problem in low-inertia power systems through optimal allocation of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). With prolific integration of wind power, conventional fossil-fuel driven synchronous generators are being replaced in the generation fleet. Variable speed wind machines are connected to the grid via power electronics converters. As such, these machines usually do not participate in frequency regulation. During high wind penetration, a generation-rich zone of an interconnected power system may face significant over-frequency following the loss of interconnection. If the frequency goes above a certain threshold, an Over-Frequency Generator Shedding (OFGS) scheme is activated. This may cause considerable amount of generation cut in a low-inertia power system. To address this challenge, this paper develops a siting and sizing methodology of frequency-responsive BESS to simultaneously maintain frequency and voltage stabilities. As such, BESS is placed at the most voltage-sensitive bus, determined by an index called reactive power margin. Furthermore, an optimization model is formulated to determine the BESS size to avoid generation shedding. The proposed technique is applied to a low-inertia power system, which resembles the equivalent high-voltage transmission network of South Australia. The simulation results reveal that the developed methodology successfully mitigates the over-frequency phenomenon. In addition, the proposed technique is found to be more effective than its counterpart (i.e., without BESS) to enhance the frequency resilience of a low-inertia grid.

scholarly journals BESS as a UPS to Power Systems With High Solar Penetration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Devin Aluthge ◽  
K. T. M. Udayanga Hemapala ◽  
J. Rohan Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Current System ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Battery Energy

This study analyzes the primary and secondary frequency controls of the power system. Further, the article discusses the high-level understanding of keeping a selected feeder’s power supply during an upstream fault condition. The Sri Lankan power system is taken as a case study. Due to the high penetration of wind and solar injection to the Sri Lankan power system, the inertia of the system has been reduced drastically. Simulations have been carried out on a single feeder as it is impracticable to install a large battery energy storage system (BESS). The problems of dynamic stability of the current system due to high solar power penetration are analyzed. The repercussions of these problems to the power system are then discussed related to the stability of the system where there is severe machine tripping. Remedial action needed to be taken to increase the power quality of the power system, namely, BESS and supercapacitors are presented. A comparison of the inertia of the current system and the system when conventional power replaces solar power is also analyzed. The article addresses on how fast-active power injection could be used as an uninterrupted power supply to the selected feeder. It also states the fact that in the case of underfrequency load shedding, the feeder will not experience a power outage due to the BESS. However, BESS limitation and cost analysis are not discussed extensively. The results of analysis show that the selected feeder has uninterrupted power even though the grid was disconnected. Further, an approach is also taken to establish the required reactive power to the feeder as well. Method of combining virtual inertia with inverters is discussed here. All simulations conducted were based on real feeders and data.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Non-Interconnected Systems under High-RES Penetration: The Madeira Island Case

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5786
Author(s):  
Stefanos Ntomalis ◽  
Petros Iliadis ◽  
Konstantinos Atsonios ◽  
Athanasios Nesiadis ◽  
Nikos Nikolopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Flywheel Energy Storage System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Battery Energy

The defossilization of power generation is a prerequisite goal in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transit for a sustainable economy. Achieving this goal requires increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar and wind power. The gradual shrinking of conventional generation units in an energy map introduces new challenges to the stability of power systems as there is a considerable reduction of stored rotational energy in the synchronous generators (SGs) and the capability to control their power output, which has been taken for granted until today. Inertia and primary reserve reduction have a substantial effect on the ability of the power system to maintain its security and self-resilience during contingency events. Such issues become more evident in the case of non-interconnected islands (NII) as they have unique features associated with their small size and low inertia. The present study examines in depth the NII system of Madeira, which is composed of thermal, hydro, solid-waste, wind and solar generation units, and additional RES integration is planned for the near future. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations are performed for both the current and future states of the system, including the installation of planned variable RES capacities. To alleviate the stability issues that occurred in the high-RES scenario, the introduction of a utility-scale battery energy storage system (BESS), capable of mitigating the active power imbalance due to the power system’s disturbances resultant of RES penetration, is examined. In addition, a comparison between a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and BESS is shortly investigated. The grid has been modeled and simulated utilizing the open-source, object-oriented modeling language Modelica. The dynamic simulation results proved that battery storage is a promising technology that can be a solution for transitioning to a sustainable power system, maintaining its self-resilience under severe disturbances such as rapid load changes, the tripping of generation units and short-circuits.

scholarly journals BESS Deployment Strategy in Jeju Carbon-Free Islands for Reducing Renewable Energy Curtailment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6082
Author(s):  
Changgun Lee ◽  
Seunghyuk Im ◽  
Jaeyeop Jung ◽  
Byongjun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
System Stability ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Battery Energy

Renewable energy curtailment often occurs to accommodate large amounts of renewable energy sources in power systems while maintaining system stability and reliability. Widely known methods, such as new transmission line construction, the introduction of demand-side resources, and the reduction of conventional generator output, can minimize the occurrence of curtailment; however, there are difficulties in introducing them because of social and economic problems. For these problems, the Jeju power system adopted a battery energy storage system (BESS) resource to mitigate the curtailment and secure frequency stability with the high penetration of renewable energy. The small-size Jeju island power system is operated with reliability must-run (RMR) units and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines connected to the mainland. Since the number of RMR units contributes to frequency stability by providing inertia, reducing the number of operating units for curtailment mitigation is difficult. Therefore, in this paper, based on the current “Carbon-Free island” policy and operation plan of the Jeju power system, we proposed a BESS for reducing the number of RMR units, observe the effect of reducing curtailment using the BESS, and suggest a practical operation plan to reduce the number of RMR units under conditions that secure frequency stability.

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