scholarly journals Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell as the Grid Connected Power Generator

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6679
Author(s):  
Koushik Ahmed ◽  
Omar Farrok ◽  
Md Mominur Rahman ◽  
Md Sawkat Ali ◽  
Md Mejbaul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Electrical Generator ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In this paper, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is implemented as a grid-connected electrical generator that uses hydrogen gas as fuel and air as an oxidant to produce electricity through electrochemical reactions. Analysis demonstrated that the performance of the PEMFC greatly depends on the rate of fuel supply and air supply pressure. Critical fuel and air supply pressures of the PEMFC are analysed to test its feasibility for the grid connection. Air and fuel supply pressures are varied to observe the effects on the PEMFC characteristics, efficiency, fuel supply, and air consumption over time. The PEMFC model is then implemented into an electrical power system with the aid of power electronics applications. Detailed mathematical modelling of the PEMFC is discussed with justification. The PEMFC functions as an electrical generator that is connected to the local grid through a power converter and a transformer. Modulation of the converter is controlled by means of a proportional-integral controller. The two-axis control methodology is applied to the current control of the system. The output voltage waveform and control actions of the controller on the current and frequency of the proposed system are plotted as well. Simulation results show that the PEMFC performs efficiently under certain air and fuel pressures, and it can effectively supply electrical power to the grid.

scholarly journals Kilowatt-Scale Fuel Cell Systems Powered by Recycled Aluminum

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Godart ◽  
Jason Fischman ◽  
Douglas Hart
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power System ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Scrap Aluminum ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Abstract Presented here is a novel system that uses an aluminum-based fuel to continuously produce electrical power at the kilowatt scale via a hydrogen fuel cell. This fuel has an energy density of 23.3 kW h/L and can be produced from abundant scrap aluminum via a minimal surface treatment of gallium and indium. These additional metals, which in total comprise 2.5% of the fuel’s mass, permeate the grain boundary network of the aluminum to disrupt its oxide layer, thereby enabling the fuel to react exothermically with water to produce hydrogen gas and aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH), an inert and valuable byproduct. To generate electrical power using this fuel, the aluminum–water reaction is controlled via water input to a reaction vessel in order to produce a constant flow of hydrogen, which is then consumed in a fuel cell to produce electricity. As validation of this power system architecture, we present the design and implementation of two proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems that successfully demonstrate this approach. The first is a 3 kW emergency power supply, and the second is a 10 kW power system integrated into a BMW i3 electric vehicle.

STUDY ON THE OPTIMIZATION FOR THE SIZE OF FUEL CELL FLOW FIELD UNDER INADEQUATE AIR SUPPLY CONDITION

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Lei ◽  
Zheng Minggang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Supply Condition ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In this paper, the influence of the optimization for flow field size on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance under the inadequate air supply of cathode was studied based on the three-dimensional, steady-state, and constant temperature PEMFC monomer model. Additionally, the effect of the optimization for hybrid factors, including length, width, depth and width-depth, on the PEMFC performance was also investigated. The results showed that the optimization of the flow field size can improve the performance of the PEMFC and ensure that it is close to the level under the normal gas supply.

Effect of Gravity on Droplet Growth and Detachment Inside a Simulated PEM Fuel Cell Air Flow Channel With Hydrophobic Walls

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Munoz ◽  
Abhijit Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Droplet Growth ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Supply Channel ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Water management still remains a challenge for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Byproduct water formed in the cathode side of the membrane is wicked to the air supply channel through the gas diffusion layer. Water emerges into the air supply channel as droplets, which are then removed by the air stream. When the rate of water production is higher than the rate of water removal, droplets start to accumulate and coalesce with each other forming slugs consequently clogging the channels and causing poor fuel cell performance. It has been shown in previous experiments that rendering the channels hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic cause water droplets to be removed faster, not allowing time to coalesce, and therefore making channels less prone to flooding. In this numerical study we analyze water droplet growth and detachment from a simulated hydrophobic air supply channel inside a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. In these numerical simulations the Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the SIMPLER method coupled with the level set technique in order to track the liquid-vapor interface. The effect of the gravity field acting in the −y, −x, and +x directions was examined for an array of water flow rates and air flow rates. Detachment times and diameters were computed. The results showed no significant effect of the gravity field acting in the three different directions as expected since the Bond and Capillary numbers are relatively small. The maximum variations in detachment time and diameter were found to be 8.8 and 4.2 percent, respectively, between the horizontal channel and the vertical channel with gravity acting in the negative x direction, against the air flow. Droplet detachment was more significantly affected by the air and water flow rates.

A Novel Input Ripple Current Suppressing Topology Configuration and Controller for Residential Fuel Cell Power Conditioning System

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)’s power conditioning system (PCS) for residential application always contains two stage converter configuration of the dc-dc converter and the power grid connection dc-ac inverter. As known well, the inverter tends to draw an ac ripple current at twice the output frequency. For fuel cell system, the ripple current has worse effect than the other system, since it reduces the fuel cell system’s output capacity and wastes the fuel. Worst of all, it shortens the fuel cell’s life span. In this paper, first, the power grid connection PEMFC PCS’s ripple current source and propagation are analyzed. Then, a ripple suppressing PCS topology configuration and controller are proposed to achieve the low input ripple current control.

Air supply using an ionic wind generator in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilsung Kwon ◽  
Longnan Li ◽  
Byung Ho Park ◽  
Seung Jun Lee ◽  
Daejoong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Ionic Wind ◽  
Wind Generator ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The Control of Hydrogen Flow in Keeping with Load Changing at the PEMFC

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
Young Guan Jung ◽  
Chul Min Hwang ◽  
Dea Heum Park ◽  
Kyoung Hoon Kim ◽  
Chul Ho Han
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Low Power System ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under the fuel control system was investigated experimentally using dry hydrogen and oxygen gas. In this study, experiments have been carried out on the unit cell with the active area of 25cm2. Both sides of outflow lines were closed by valves. This investigation focuses on the low-power system which has a fuel flow control unit. The change of internal pressure in fuel cell and the checked system load were used as the control conditions for the solenoid valve. As the system loads were changed unexpectedly, the on/off control of fuel line was proposed as the way to supply hydrogen gas efficiently into the fuel cell. As a result, it was shown that the proposed procedures can display the load variation and increase the power request. Furthermore, this study could be beneficial for the fuel saving and the safety of fuel cell system.

Air flow and pressure optimization for air supply in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system

Energy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 121949
Author(s):  
Huicui Chen ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Xichen Ye ◽  
Liu Yi ◽  
Sichen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Exchange Membrane
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