The Detailed Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generator for Electromagnetic Transients Calculations and its Initialization in ATP

The Alternative Transients Program (ATP) is one of the most used electromagnetic transient programs due to its powerful modeling capability and versatility. However, it has limitations as regards the automatic initialization of power electronics devices and control systems. To overcome this drawback, a simple methodology is presented in this paper to initialize a detailed model of a doubly fed induction wind generator implemented in ATP. The methodology is based on the automatic initialization of this device and it is divided into two stages. The first one consists of offline calculations to obtain initial steady-state values of certain model variables and, in the second one, these results are used as ATP model parameters. The simulation is started by means of auxiliary switches also included in the model. To validate the methodology, the transient and steady-state behavior of 4 case studies was evaluated. The analysis of these results shows that the steady-state values calculated by ATP for t = 0 are the desired ones and the oscillograms present a steady-state condition. The proposed methodology makes it possible to accurately initialize a detailed DFIG-type generator model in ATP, without the need to sacrifice simulation time to wait for variables to reach a steady state.

Аналіз статистичних показників дисперсії, асиметрії та ексцесу при визначенні порушень інформаційної безпеки кіберфізичних систем вітрових генераторів

The active introduction of intelligent systems that closely interact with physical processes to solve a wide range of different tasks of human life increases the relevance of risk analysis associated with the functioning of such systems. Such hybrid complex intelligent systems belong to the class of cyberphysical systems (CPS). Violations of CPS security caused by outside interference in the information flow can lead to economic losses, environmental threats, and threats to human life and health. A significant increase in incidents of violation of the safety of CPS wind turbines determines the relevance of research on methods for protecting such systems. The subject matter of the study in the article is the process of determining violations of the information security of the CPS of a wind generator based on the analysis of statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis of the input parameter "Power" collected by CPS sensors. The goal is to develop an algorithm for determining violations of the information security of the CPS using methods for analyzing statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis. The tasks to be solved are: to formalize the process of identifying falsified data in the information flow of the CPS; to determine the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for ensuring the information security of the CPS; to determine the degree of changes in statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis of the sample of the "Power" parameter of the wind generator in the presence of misinformation in the information flow; to analyze the possibility of supplementing and further improving the proposed algorithm. The methods used are analysis of statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis of the sample of the parameter "Power" of the wind generator. The following results are obtained: the general characteristics of the CPS and features of the functioning of the CPS of the wind turbine as the object of research of this work are considered; an initial algorithm for determining violations of the information security of the CPS of wind turbine based on the use of statistical indicators of variance, asymmetry, and excess is developed; the fact of artificial substitution of data for the parameter "power" of the information flow of the CPS of a wind turbine is determined; ways to improve the developed algorithm using one-factor variance analysis, bootstrap methods are proposed. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained consists of the development of an improved algorithm for determining the fact of data falsification in the CPS information flow based on the analysis of variance, asymmetry, and kurtosis indicators; the use of a statistical method for determining CPS security violations, analyzing the shortcomings of existing methods for determining CPS security violations and the possibility of their comprehensive improvement. The issues of the possibility of improving the developed method and testing the method in the future are also considered.