scholarly journals Lyapunov-Function-Based Feedback Linearization Control Strategy of Modular Multilevel Converter–Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for Vessel Integrated Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4691
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Jilong Liu ◽  
Fei Xiao ◽  
Zhichao Zhu ◽  
Zhaojie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Lyapunov Function ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Feedback Linearization ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Modular Multilevel Converter ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Feedback Linearization Control

The modular multilevel converter–bidirectional DC–DC converter (MMC–BDC) has been proposed to be utilized in the vessel integrated power system to interconnect the medium voltage bus and the distributed energy storage elements. In the shipboard applications, MMC–BDC faces unbalanced sub-module power operation because of the inconsistent state-of-charge (SOC) of the energy storage elements. Researchers have investigated into the unbalanced operation principle of MMC–BDC and proposed some unbalanced operation control strategies, but these traditional strategies do not perform well in both aspects of operating range and efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel Lyapunov-function-based feedback linearization control strategy for the independent sub-module voltage control of MMC–BDC, which not only shows wide unbalanced operation range and high efficiency, but also realizes the decoupling and symmetrical control of the sub-module capacitor voltages.

scholarly journals Benchmarking of Modular Multilevel Converter Topologies for ES-STATCOM Realization

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3384
Author(s):  
Sanjay K. Chaudhary ◽  
Allan F. Cupertino ◽  
Remus Teodorescu ◽  
Jan R. Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Modular Multilevel Converter ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Static Synchronous Compensator ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Silicon Area ◽  
Distributed Energy Storage ◽  
Grid Applications

In recent years, the integration of the high-power static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and energy storage in the same device has gained interest. Such a system is referred to as ES-STATCOM. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) topologies constitute a promising converter family for ES-STATCOM realization, providing a modular and scalable solution with a high efficiency that handles high-power and high-voltage ratings in grid applications. There is a gap in technical literature discussing the design and the comparison of MMC-based ES-STATCOMs while utilizing batteries to find the most suitable MMC topology for ES-STATCOMs. Therefore, this paper benchmarks MMC family members for ES-STATCOM realization. Both centralized and distributed energy storage approaches are investigated. The proposed design flowcharts can be employed for comparison and optimization purposes. In total, seven topologies are compared in terms of number of cells, required silicon area and total battery volume. Different semiconductor devices and battery types are analyzed. The result indicates that centralized energy storage systems are the most suitable due to their design flexibility, low volume and small silicon area. Moreover, the possibility of using over-modulation in MMC using bridge cells has an important role in the optimization of ES-STATCOM. The results for the adopted case study shows that the decentralized approach can lead to 55% higher silicon area and 30% higher volume than the centralized approach. The double-star bridge cell MMC with centralized energy storage is determined as the most suitable solution for ES-STATCOM systems.

scholarly journals A Control Strategy of Modular Multilevel Converter with Integrated Battery Energy Storage System Based on Battery Side Capacitor Voltage Control

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Hua Lin ◽  
Yajun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Modular Multilevel Converter ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Battery Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Capacitor Voltage ◽  
Battery Energy

A modular multilevel converter with an integrated battery energy storage system (MMC-BESS) has been proposed for high-voltage applications for large-scale renewable energy resources. As capacitor voltage balance is key to the normal operation of the system, the conventional control strategy for the MMC can be significantly simplified by controlling the individual capacitor voltage through a battery side converter in the MMC-BESS. However, the control strategy of the MMC-BESS under rectifier mode operation has not yet been addressed, where the conventional control strategy cannot be directly employed due to the additional power flow of batteries. For this defect, the rectifier mode operation of the MMC-BESS based on a battery side capacitor voltage control was analyzed in this paper, proposing a control strategy for this application scenario according to the equivalent circuit of MMC-BESS, avoiding passive impact on the state-of-charge (SOC) equalization of batteries. Furthermore, the implementation of a battery side converter control is proposed by simplifying the capacitor voltage filter scheme within phase arm, which enhances its performance and facilitates the realization of control strategy. Finally, simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

scholarly journals Eco-Emission Analysis of Multi-Carrier Microgrid Integrated with Compressed Air and Power-to-Gas Energy Storage Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4681
Author(s):  
Khashayar Hamedi ◽  
Shahrbanoo Sadeghi ◽  
Saeed Esfandi ◽  
Mahdi Azimian ◽  
Hessam Golmohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Power To Gas

Growing concerns about global greenhouse gas emissions have led power systems to utilize clean and highly efficient resources. In the meantime, renewable energy plays a vital role in energy prospects worldwide. However, the random nature of these resources has increased the demand for energy storage systems. On the other hand, due to the higher efficiency of multi-energy systems compared to single-energy systems, the development of such systems, which are based on different types of energy carriers, will be more attractive for the utilities. Thus, this paper represents a multi-objective assessment for the operation of a multi-carrier microgrid (MCMG) in the presence of high-efficiency technologies comprising compressed air energy storage (CAES) and power-to-gas (P2G) systems. The objective of the model is to minimize the operation cost and environmental pollution. CAES has a simple-cycle mode operation besides the charging and discharging modes to provide more flexibility in the system. Furthermore, the demand response program is employed in the model to mitigate the peaks. The proposed system participates in both electricity and gas markets to supply the energy requirements. The weighted sum approach and fuzzy-based decision-making are employed to compromise the optimum solutions for conflicting objective functions. The multi-objective model is examined on a sample system, and the results for different cases are discussed. The results show that coupling CAES and P2G systems mitigate the wind power curtailment and minimize the cost and pollution up to 14.2% and 9.6%, respectively.

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