Behavioral Modeling Paradigm for DC Nanogrid Based Distributed Energy Systems

The remarkable progress of power electronic converters (PEC) technology has led to their increased penetration in distributed energy systems (DES). Particularly, the direct current (dc) nanogrid-based DES embody a variety of sources and loads, connected through a central dc bus. Therefore, PECs are required to be employed as an interface. It would facilitate incorporation of the renewable energy sources and battery storage system into dc nanogrids. However, it is more challenging as the integration of multiple modules may cause instabilities in the overall system dynamics. Future dc nanogrids are envisioned to deploy ready-to-use commercial PEC, for which designers have no insight into their dynamic behavior. Furthermore, the high variability of the operating conditions constitute a new paradigm in dc nanogrids. It exacerbates the dynamic analysis using traditional techniques. Therefore, the current work proposes behavioral modeling to perform system level analysis of a dc nanogrid-based DES. It relies only on the data acquired via measurements performed at the input–output terminals only. To verify the accuracy of the model, large signal disturbances are applied. The matching of results for the switch model and its behavioral model verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.

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Optimal power scheduling of renewable energy sources in micro-grid via distributed energy storage system

TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) ◽

10.12928/telkomnika.v18i4.15159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 2158

Author(s):

Ibrahim Alhamrouni ◽

Firdaus Ramli ◽

Mohamed Salem ◽

Bazilah Ismail ◽

Awang Jusoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Distributed Energy ◽

Power Scheduling ◽

Optimal Power ◽

Distributed Energy Storage ◽

Micro Grid

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Dynamic Simulation and Thermoeconomic Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable System Based on PV and Fuel Cell Coupled with Hydrogen Storage

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14227657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7657

Author(s):

Francesco Calise ◽

Francesco Liberato Cappiello ◽

Luca Cimmino ◽

Massimo Dentice d’Accadia ◽

Maria Vicidomini

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Dynamic Simulation ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Campi Flegrei ◽

Future Market ◽

Systems Research

The production of “green hydrogen” is currently one of the hottest topics in the field of renewable energy systems research. Hydrogen storage is also becoming more and more attractive as a flexible solution to mitigate the power fluctuations of solar energy systems. The most promising technology for electricity-to-hydrogen conversion, and vice versa, is the reversible solid-oxide cell (SOC). This device is still very expensive, but it exhibits excellent performance under dynamic operating conditions compared to the competing devices. This work presents the dynamic simulation of a prototypal renewable plant combining a 50 kW photovoltaic (PV) field with a 50 kW solid-oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) and a compressed hydrogen tank. The electricity is used to meet the energy demand of a dwelling located in the area of Campi Flegrei (Naples). The SOC efficiency is simulated by developing a mathematical model in MATLAB®. The model also calculates the cell operating temperature as a function of the input current. Once the optimal values of the operating parameters of the SOC are calculated, the model is integrated in the transient system simulation tool (TRNSYS) for dynamic analysis. Furthermore, this work presents a parametric analysis of the hydrogen storage system (HSS). The results of the energy and environmental analyses show that the proposed system can reach a primary energy saving by 70% and an amount of saved CO2 of 28 tons/year. Some possible future market scenarios are considered for the economic analysis. In the most realistic case, the optimal configuration shows a simple pay back lower than 10 years and a profit index of 46%.

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Optimal power scheduling of renewable energy systems in microgrids using distributed energy storage system

IET Renewable Power Generation ◽

10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0552 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1328-1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Shakti Singh ◽

Mukesh Singh ◽

Subhash Chandra Kaushik

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Distributed Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Systems ◽

Power Scheduling ◽

Optimal Power ◽

Distributed Energy Storage

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Power Scheduling for Renewable Energy Connected to the grid

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20186408008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. 08008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

kafazi Ismail El ◽

Bannari Rachid ◽

Lassioui Abdellah ◽

Aboutafail My Othman

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Distributed Energy ◽

Scheduling Strategy ◽

Power Scheduling ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

The Cost ◽

Full Charge

In this work, a scheduling strategy considering an Energy Storage System (ESS) is proposed to manage the distributed energy resources (DERs) optimally in a grid-connected hybrid PV-wind-microgrid. In order to increase the use of the renewable energy sources and ensure a full charge in the battery for the next day. The optimization problem of this study is addressed through a linear mathematical model, to minimize the cost of energy bought from the utility grid and maximize the income for selling electricity generated by hybrid PV-wind. The optimization model is tested by using a simulation of the model. The achieved results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling strategy.

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Planning and Settlement Conditions for the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland: Conclusions for Local and Regional Policy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071935 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1935

Author(s):

Przemysław Śleszyński ◽

Maciej Nowak ◽

Agnieszka Brelik ◽

Bartosz Mickiewicz ◽

Natalia Oleszczyk

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Distributed Generation ◽

Spatial Planning ◽

Regional Policy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Distributed Energy ◽

The World ◽

Highly Dispersed

The article presents an analysis of geographical-settlement and legal-planning conditions for the development of Poland’s distributed generation. The choice of this country is important and interesting due to the highly dispersed settlement, which may be a factor stimulating the development of this type of energy systems. For this reason, the analysis can be a model for other countries and regions, indicating ways to analyze and evaluate settlement and planning conditions for the development of renewable and distributed energy. At the same time, Poland is struggling with a severe crisis of spatial planning. By analysing these opportunities and threats, empirical analyses try to indicate regularities in this respect in Poland’s regions in a detailed approach to communes and detailed legal and planning conditions. The conclusions emphasise the usefulness of distributed generation development for peripheral and sparsely populated areas of Europe and other parts of the world and appropriate directions of changes in spatial development law.

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Investigations of AC Microgrid Energy Management Systems Using Distributed Energy Resources and Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12142834 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 2834 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Umashankar Subramaniam ◽

Swaminathan Ganesan ◽

Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar ◽

Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban ◽

Frede Blaabjerg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storage System ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Distributed Energy Resources ◽

Diesel Generator ◽

Distributed Energy ◽

Generator System ◽

The World ◽

Uninterruptible Power ◽

Electrical Generation

The world has witnessed a rapid transformation in the field of electrical generation, transmission and distribution. We have been constantly developing and upgrading our technology to make the system more economically efficient. Currently, the industry faces an acute shortage of energy resources due to overconsumption by industries worldwide. This has compelled experts to look for alternatives to fossil fuels and other conventional sources of energy to produce energy in a more sustainable manner. The microgrid concept has gained popularity over the years and has become a common sight all over the world because of the ability of a microgrid to provide power to a localized section without being dependent on conventional resources. This paper focuses on development of such an AC hybrid microgrid, which receives power from distributed energy resources (DERs) such as a PV array alongside a battery storage system, and also uses an emergency diesel generator system and an online uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system to provide power to predefined loads under different conditions. This paper also addresses on the power flow to the loads under two main modes of operation—on grid and off grid—and investigates the microgrid in different states and sub-states. The final objective is to design an efficient microgrid model such that it can sustain the multiple loads simultaneously under all operating conditions.

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A Review of Battery Charging - Discharging Management Controller: A Proposed Conceptual Battery Storage Charging – Discharging Centralized Controller

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.4217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 7515-7521

Author(s):

N. A. Zainurin ◽

S. A. B. Anas ◽

R. S. S. Singh

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Storage System ◽

State Of Charge ◽

System Level ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Battery Storage ◽

Switching Characteristic ◽

Battery Energy ◽

Centralized Controller

This paper describes the development of a centralized controller to charge or discharge the battery storages that are connected to renewable energy sources. The centralized controller is able to assist, control, and manage the battery storage charging when excessive power is available from renewable energy sources. At the same time, the centralized controller also performs battery storage discharging when the connected load requires a power source, especially when the renewable energy sources are unavailable. Background studies regarding battery storage charging-discharging are presented in the introduction section. Also, generally developed charging-discharging methods or techniques were applied at the system level and not specifically to the battery storage system level. Due to the limited study on battery storage system charging-discharging, this paper reviews some of the similar studies in order to understand the battery storage charging–discharging characteristics as well as to propose a new conceptual methodology for the proposed centralized controller. The battery storage State-of-Charge (SoC) is used as the criterion to develop the conceptual centralized controller, which is also used as a switching characteristic between charging or discharging when only the battery energy storages are supplying the output power to the connected load. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the conceptual methodology as well as explaining the functionality and operationality of the proposed centralized controller. A summarized comparison based on the studied charging–discharging systems with the proposed centralized controller is presented to indicate the validity of the proposed centralized controller.

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Behavioral Modeling for Parallel- and Cascade-Connected dc–dc Converters

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126619500580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (04) ◽

pp. 1950058 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Husan Ali ◽

Xiancheng Zheng ◽

Haider Zaman ◽

Huamei Liu ◽

Xiaohua Wu

Keyword(s):

Close Agreement ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Behavioral Modeling ◽

Equivalent Model ◽

Design Stage ◽

Distributed Energy ◽

Essential Step ◽

Power Electronics Converters ◽

Modeling Techniques ◽

Model Derivation

Analysis of distributed energy systems (DESs) is more challenging, as multiple energy sources are connected with different loads through power electronics converters. Modeling and simulation become an essential step during the design stage, prior to actual implementation. These DESs comprised numerous converters in various configurations, e.g., parallel and cascade. This paper presents behavioral modeling technique for interconnected converters that can be used to predict dynamics of overall system. First models are developed for two converters in parallel and cascade configuration using direct approach (DA). The model derivation using DA becomes too complex for larger systems. A new transformation-based approach (TBA) is proposed, which, unlike DA, is simple and can easily be extended to model [Formula: see text] interconnected converters. In this method, the measured [Formula: see text]-parameter set is transformed to another domain, equivalent model is computed simply by the addition or multiplication of transformed [Formula: see text]-parameters and then the equivalent model is transformed back to [Formula: see text]-parameter set. The modeling techniques are implemented in Matlab/Simulink. The results from DA and TBA are compared, and their close agreement suggests that the new TBA can be used for the analysis of interconnected systems, comprised of multiple parallel and cascade converters.

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