An Adaptive Load Frequency Control for Power Systems with Renewable Energy Sources

The frequency of power systems is very sensitive to load variations. Additionally, with the increased penetration of renewable energy sources in electrical grids, stabilizing the system frequency becomes more challenging. Therefore, Load Frequency Control (LFC) is used to keep the frequency within its acceptable limits. In this paper, an adaptive controller is proposed to enhance the system performance under load variations. Moreover, the proposed controller overcomes the disturbances resulting from the natural operation of the renewable energy sources such as Wave Energy Conversion System (WECS) and Photovoltaic (PV) system. The superiority of the proposed controller compared to the classical LFC schemes is that it has auto tuned parameters. The validation of the proposed controller is carried out through four case studies. The first case study is dedicated to a two-area LFC system under load variations. The WECS is considered as a disturbance for the second case study. Moreover, to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller, the dynamic performance is compared with previous work based on an optimized controller in the third case study. Finally in the fourth case study, a sensitivity analysis is carried out through parameters variations in the nonlinear PV-thermal hybrid system. The novel application of the adaptive controller into the LFC leads to enhance the system performance under disturbance of different sources of renewable energy. Moreover, a robustness test is presented to validate the reliability of the proposed controller.

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Marine predators algorithm for load frequency control of modern interconnected power systems including renewable energy sources and energy storage units

Ain Shams Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.asej.2021.04.031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Sobhy ◽

Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz ◽

Hany M. Hasanien ◽

Mohamed Ezzat

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Power Systems ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Marine Predators ◽

Interconnected Power Systems ◽

Storage Units

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Load frequency control for renewable energy sources for isolated power system by introducing large scale PV and storage battery

Energy Reports ◽

10.1016/j.egyr.2020.12.030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1597-1603

Author(s):

Lei Liu ◽

Tomonobu Senjyu ◽

Takeyoshi Kato ◽

Abdul Motin Howlader ◽

Paras Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power System ◽

Large Scale ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Storage Battery ◽

Load Frequency ◽

And Storage

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Optimization Technique Inspired Load Frequency Controller for Multi Area Power System with Renewable Energy Source

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 850 (1) ◽

pp. 012017

Author(s):

J Shri Saranyaa ◽

A Peer Fathima ◽

Asutosh Mishra ◽

Rushali Ghosh ◽

Shalmali Das

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Systems ◽

Control Method ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Optimization Technique ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Load Frequency ◽

The Individual

Abstract Modern day scenario has an increasing power demand due to the growing development which indeed increases the load on the generation which might cause turbulence in the system and may bounce out of stability. The governor itself can’t handle such frequent load changes and adjust the generation amount to keep the frequency between the margins. This paper proposes an approach towards such predicament to incorporate an optimization method in order to ensure stability of the system despite the drastic changes in demand. Load frequency control is a control method for maintaining the frequency of the system during the change in demand. Use of controllers has proven to be effective in controlling the frequency deviations in the power systems and the response of the controller is further improved using optimization technique for better stability. The PID controller tuned by Particle Swarm Optimization is employed in multi-area system which reduces the time response by a considerable amount and the deviation settles much quicker despite the rapid load changes. The proposed controller is executed further for renewable energy sources connected to the individual areas and demonstration proves that the optimized controller is efficient enough in handling the frequency deviations when wind and solar with sunlight penetration is incorporated.

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A Smart Adaptive Switching Module Architecture Using Fuzzy Logic for an Efficient Integration of Renewable Energy Sources. A Case Study of a RES System Located in Hulubești, Romania

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12156084 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 6084

Author(s):

Simona-Vasilica Oprea ◽

Adela Bâra ◽

Ștefan Preda ◽

Osman Bulent Tor

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Systems ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Storage System ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Fuzzy Logic Systems

Electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES) has a common feature, that is, it is fluctuating, available in certain amounts and only for some periods of time. Consuming this electricity when it is available should be a primary goal to enhance operation of the RES-powered generating units which are particularly operating in microgrids. Heavily influenced by weather parameters, RES-powered systems can benefit from implementation of sensors and fuzzy logic systems to dynamically adapt electric loads to the volatility of RES. This study attempts to answer the following question: How to efficiently integrate RES to power systems by means of sustainable energy solutions that involve sensors, fuzzy logic, and categorization of loads? A Smart Adaptive Switching Module (SASM) architecture, which efficiently uses electricity generation of local available RES by gradually switching electric appliances based on weather sensors, power forecast, storage system constraints and other parameters, is proposed. It is demonstrated that, without SASM, the RES generation is supposed to be curtailed in some cases, e.g., when batteries are fully charged, even though the weather conditions are favourable. In such cases, fuzzy rules of SASM securely mitigate curtailment of RES generation by supplying high power non-traditional storage appliances. A numerical case study is performed to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed SASM architecture for a RES system located in Hulubești (Dâmbovița), Romania.

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