scholarly journals Weighted Scoring Committees

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Alexander Mayer ◽  
Stefan Napel
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Equivalence Classes ◽  
Scoring Rules ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Voting Weights ◽  
Choice Method ◽  
Minimal Integer

Weighted committees allow shareholders, party leaders, etc. to wield different numbers of votes or voting weights as they decide between multiple candidates by a given social choice method. We consider committees that apply scoring methods such as plurality, Borda, or antiplurality rule. Many different weights induce the same mapping from committee members’ preferences to winning candidates. The numbers of respective weight equivalence classes and hence of structurally distinct plurality committees, Borda commitees, etc. differ widely. There are 6, 51, and 5 plurality, Borda, and antiplurality committees, respectively, if three players choose between three candidates and up to 163 (229) committees for scoring rules in between plurality and Borda (Borda and antiplurality). A key implication is that plurality, Borda, and antiplurality rule are much less sensitive to weight changes than other scoring rules. We illustrate the geometry of weight equivalence classes, with a map of all Borda classes, and identify minimal integer representations.

scholarly journals Scoring rules and social choice properties: some characterizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonifacio Llamazares ◽  
Teresa Peña
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Scoring Rules

Electing versus Ranking in the Traditional Model

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Balinski ◽  
Rida Laraki
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Impossibility Theorem ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Arrow’S Impossibility Theorem ◽  
Ranking Methods ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
Arrow's Impossibility Theorem ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Difference

This chapter discusses the pros and cons of electing and ranking methods of the traditional model of social choice, and depicts the situation for large classes of methods as more chaotic than is depicted in Arrow’s impossibility theorem. Candidate-scoring methods, including Borda and Condorcet-ranking methods, are discussed, along with their contrasting ideologies. Suggestions are presented for discarding both Borda and Condorcet approaches on the grounds that the former is depicted as the sole winner while the latter is used for ranking designation. Incompatibility between rankings and winners under the traditional model is explored, following the difference between problem of choice and the problem of ranking.

scholarly journals Convergence and Quality of Iterative Voting Under Non-Scoring Rules

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Koolyk ◽  
Tyrone Strangway ◽  
Omer Lev ◽  
Jeffrey S. Rosenschein
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Stated Preferences ◽  
Scoring Rules ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Voting Methods ◽  
Iterative Voting

Iterative voting is a social choice mechanism that assumes all voters are strategic, and allows voters to change their stated preferences as the vote progresses until an equilibrium is reached (at which point no player wishes to change their vote). Previous research established that this process converges to an equilibrium for the plurality and veto voting methods and for no other scoring rule. We consider iterative voting for non-scoring rules, examining the major ones, and show that none of them converge when assuming (as most research has so far) that voters pursue a best response strategy. We investigate other potential voter strategies, with a more heuristic flavor (since for most of these voting rules, calculating the best response is NP-hard); we show that they also do not converge. We then conduct an empirical analysis of the iterative voting winners for these non-scoring rules, and compare the winner quality of various strategies.

Analysis of completed commercial semiconductors using EPMA

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
R. Packwood ◽  
M.W. Phaneuf ◽  
V. Weatherall ◽  
I. Bassignana
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Numerous Element ◽  
Choice Method

The development of specialized analytical instruments such as the SIMS, XPS, ISS etc., all with truly incredible abilities in certain areas, has given rise to the notion that electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is an old fashioned and rather inadequate technique, and one that is of little or no use in such high technology fields as the semiconductor industry. Whilst it is true that the microprobe does not possess parts-per-billion sensitivity (ppb) or monolayer depth resolution it is also true that many times these extremes of performance are not essential and that a few tens of parts-per-million (ppm) and a few tens of nanometers depth resolution is all that is required. In fact, the microprobe may well be the second choice method for a wide range of analytical problems and even the method of choice for a few.The literature is replete with remarks that suggest the writer is confusing an SEM-EDXS combination with an instrument such as the Cameca SX-50. Even where this confusion does not exist, the literature discusses microprobe detection limits that are seldom stated to be as low as 100 ppm, whereas there are numerous element combinations for which 10-20 ppm is routinely attainable.

The Relation Between Linguistic Awareness Skills and Spelling in Adults: A Comparison Among Scoring Procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1240-1253
Author(s):  
Victoria S. Henbest ◽  
Lisa Fitton ◽  
Krystal L. Werfel ◽  
Kenn Apel
Keyword(s):  
Phonemic Awareness ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Syntactic Awareness ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Spelling Performance ◽  
Linguistic Awareness ◽  
Average Readers

Purpose Spelling is a skill that relies on an individual's linguistic awareness, the ability to overtly manipulate language. The ability to accurately spell is important for academic and career success into adulthood. The spelling skills of adults have received some attention in the literature, but there is limited information regarding which approach for analyzing adults' spelling is optimal for guiding instruction or intervention for those who struggle. Thus, we aimed to examine the concurrent validity of four different scoring methods for measuring adults' spellings (a dichotomous scoring method and three continuous methods) and to determine whether adults' linguistic awareness skills differentially predict spelling outcomes based on the scoring method employed. Method Sixty undergraduate college students who were determined to be average readers as measured by a word reading and contextual word reading task were administered a spelling task as well as morphological, orthographic, phonemic, and syntactic awareness tasks. Results All four scoring methods were highly correlated suggesting high concurrent validity among the measures. Two linguistic awareness skills, morphological awareness and syntactic awareness, predicted spelling performance on both the dichotomous and continuous scoring methods. Contrastively, phonemic awareness and orthographic awareness predicted spelling performance only when spelling was scored using a continuous measure error analysis. Conclusions The results of this study confirm that multiple linguistic awareness skills are important for spelling in adults who are average readers. The results also highlight the need for using continuous measures of spelling when planning intervention or instruction, particularly in the areas of orthographic and phonemic awareness.

Professor Johnson on Social Choice

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-522
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. I. Dore
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice
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