scholarly journals Integrating Geospatial Data and Measures of Disability and Wealth to Assess Inequalities in an Eye Health Survey: An Example from the Indian Sunderbans

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4869
Author(s):  
Soumya Mohanty ◽  
Emma Jolley ◽  
RN Mohanty ◽  
Sandeep Buttan ◽  
Elena Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Geospatial Mapping ◽  
Population Based Survey

The Sunderbans are a group of delta islands that straddle the border between India and Bangladesh. For people living on the Indian side, health services are scarce and the terrain makes access to what is available difficult. In 2018, the international non-governmental organisation Sightsavers and their partners conducted a population-based survey of visual impairment and coverage of cataract and spectacle services, supplemented with tools to measure equity in eye health by wealth, disability, and geographical location. Two-stage cluster sampling was undertaken to randomly select 3868 individuals aged 40+ years, of whom 3410 were examined. Results were calculated using standard statistical processes and geospatial approaches were used to visualise the data. The age–sex adjusted prevalence of blindness was 0.8%, with higher prevalence among women (1.1%). Cataract Surgical Coverage for eyes at visual acuity (VA) 3/60 was 86.3%. The study did not find any association between visual impairment and wealth, however there were significant differences by additional (non-visual) disabilities at all levels of visual impairment. Geospatial mapping highlighted blocks where higher prevalence of visual impairment was identified. Integrating additional tools in population-based surveys is critical for measuring eye health inequalities and identifying population groups and locations that are at risk of being left behind.

Childhood blindness and visual impairment in the Narayani Zone of Nepal: a population-based survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Byanju ◽  
Ram Prasad Kandel ◽  
Prasanna Sharma ◽  
Hari Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Manisha Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childhood Blindness ◽  
Population Based Survey

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in a rural North-east China adult population: a population-based survey in Bin County, Harbin

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulian Song ◽  
Xian Sun ◽  
Zhengbo Shao ◽  
Xinrong Zhou ◽  
Yang Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
East China ◽  
North East ◽  
Population Based Survey

scholarly journals Rural–urban migration and depression in ageing family members left behind

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Abas ◽  
Sureeporn Punpuing ◽  
Tawanchai Jirapramukpitak ◽  
Philip Guest ◽  
Kanchana Tangchonlatip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Continuous Outcome ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Parent Characteristics ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Population Based Survey

BackgroundIt has been suggested that rural–urban migration will have adverse consequences for older parents left behind.AimsTo describe correlates of outmigration and to estimate any association between outmigration of children and depression in rural-dwelling older parents.MethodPopulation-based survey of 1147 parents aged 60 and over in rural Thailand. We randomly oversampled parents living without children. We defined an outmigrant child as living outside their parent's district, and measured depression as a continuous outcome with a Thai version of the EURO–D.ResultsOutmigration of all children, compared with outmigration of some or no children, was independently associated with less depression in parents. This association remained after taking account of social support, parent characteristics, health and wealth. Parents with all children outmigrated received more economic remittances and they perceived support to be as good as that of those with children close by.ConclusionsOutmigration of children was not associated with greater depression in older parents and, after taking account of a range of possible covariables, was actually associated with less parental depression. This could be explained by pre-existing advantages in families sending more migrants and by the economic benefits of migration.

Alcohol use and its associated factors during pregnancy in Ethiopia: a population-based survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitsu Addis ◽  
Muluken Azage ◽  
Dabere Nigatu ◽  
Kristen Kirksey
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Population Based Survey

Abstract Background: Alcohol use during pregnancy is a modifiable health behavior that causes a range of health problems in infants, including impaired growth, stillbirth, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. However, there is lack of comprehensive information on alcohol use and associated factors during pregnancy using a population-based dataset in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and associated factors using a national, population-based survey.Methods: The study utilized data from the 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted on a nationally representative sample. The survey employed a multistage cluster sampling method to generate representative national and sub-national health and health related indicators. A total of 2,341 pregnant women were included in the analysis. Factors associated with alcohol use were identified using multivariable logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to quantify the degree of association between independent variables and alcohol use.Results: In Ethiopia, the prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.4%-32.2%). The study identified that being employed (AOR: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.55-2.77), ever attempted termination of pregnancy (AOR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.60-3.05), having two (AOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.76-3.72), or three (AOR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.40-6.35) sexual partners in lifetime and chat chewing (AOR: 8.91; 95% CI: 4.61-17.23) had increased the odds of alcohol use during pregnancy.Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy among Ethiopian mothers was high. Working status, ever used something to terminate the pregnancy, more than one lifetime partner, and chat chewing were factors associated with alcohol use during pregnancy. Thus, prevention interventions and strategies can draw on the identified modifiable health behaviors.

scholarly journals Blindness and eye disease in a Tibetan region of China: findings from a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000209
Author(s):  
Danba Jiachu ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Ji Duo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
The Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Population Based Survey

IntroductionThe only population-based survey of blindness and visual impairment of a Tibetan population was conducted in the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1999.Methods and analysisThe Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness methodology was used to conduct a survey of Kandze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province of China in the Fall 2017. Using the 2010 census, 100 clusters of 50 participants aged 50 years or older were randomly sampled using probability proportionate to size.ResultsAmong the 5000 people enumerated, 4763 were examined (95.3% response). The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness, severe visual impairment, moderate visual impairment and early visual impairment (EVI) were 1.6% (95% CI: 1.08 to 2.38)), 0.9% (95% CI:0.7 to 1.5), 5.1% (95% CI:4.4 to 5.7), and 7.45% (95% CI:6.67 to 8.2), respectively. The prevalence of blindness among Tibetans was significantly higher than that among Han Chinese (2.2% (95% CI:1.8 to 2.6) and 0.6 (95% CI:0.2 to 1.7), respectively, p<0.05). Women bore a significant excess burden of EVI compared with men (8.5% (95% CI:7.5 to 9.6) and 6.1% (95% CI:5.1 to 7.2), respectively, p<0.05). Cataract was the primary cause of blindness (39.4%) followed by macular degeneration (10.6%) and corneal opacity (5.3%).ConclusionBlindness and visual impairment in Kandze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is substantially less than an earlier study of a Tibetan region and now resembles other regions of China. About 58% of blindness and 67% of SVIwere avoidable, primarily by providing cataract services. Eighty-three percent of EVI was avoidable by providing refractice services throughout the region.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Fundong District, North West Cameroon: Results of a Population-Based Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Oye ◽  
Islay Mactaggart ◽  
Sarah Polack ◽  
Elena Schmidt ◽  
Violet Tamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
North West ◽  
Population Based Survey
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