Application Mobile Design for Blind People

The team software process is a methodology focused on software development on gears, which at the end of the construction ensures product quality. This quality must be taken into account for people with disabilities like visual impairment. According to World Health Organization, in a study conducted in 2010, the number of people with visual impairment in the world is around 285,389 million people, and in America, it is around 26,612 million. This chapter focuses on using the TSP for the construction of an application for people with visual disabilities, resulting in a quality product that will help in memory and, in addition, the user learns about the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico, allowing the inclusion of these users in society.

Audiodescription des arts plastiques. Autoportrait de Dora Maar

The article addresses the problem of intersemiotic translation: translating images into words. The first part deals with the issue of image hermeneutics. Following this, eye tracking research is briefly described and museum audio description for the blind and visually impaired is introduced. A case study of Self-portrait of Dora Maar is carried out, highlighting the importance of sight in the artist’s work. The text tries to answer the following questions: Who and using which techniques and strategies should translate images into words for recipients with visual disabilities, so that the translation is satisfactory and adapted to their perception? How to provide a visually impaired person with an aesthetic experience without imposing our own perception of the image on them?

El acceso a Internet en personas con discapacidad visual. INFORME FINAL DE PROYECTO

El presente informe expone los principales resultados obtenidos en el marco del proyecto Internet access for people with visual disabilities: Skills and market needs, llevado adelante por el grupo de investigación Internet of People (IoP) del Departamento de Comunicación de la Universidad Católica del Uruguay. Este proyecto buscó hacer foco en uno de los ejes menos frecuentes en la literatura sobre desigualdades digitales: las discapacidades sensoriales, particularmente la visual. Las tecnologías digitales tienen gran potencial para generar un impacto positivo en la vida de las personas ciegas y con baja visión, pero la falta de accesibilidad a estas tecnologías y al contenido que ellas transmiten puede provocar, por lo contrario, serias barreras. Los objetivos específicos del estudio estuvieron orientados, por un lado, a medir y sistematizar cuáles son los intereses y las barreras que encuentran las personas con discapacidad visual cuando deciden usar Internet. En este sentido, se indagó qué quieren las personas con ceguera y baja visión cuando usan Internet, qué tipo de contenidos buscan y cuáles son las motivaciones detrás del uso de Internet en su vida cotidiana. Por otro lado, y asumiendo inicialmente que el acceso a Internet puede ser una restricción para esta población, el proyecto buscó indagar en cómo acceden a esta tecnología las personas con discapacidad visual y qué herramientas asistivas median —o no median— este acceso. El proyecto fue llevado adelante entre marzo de 2017 y marzo de 2020, con el financiamiento del Carolan Research Institute. Contó con la participación de un equipo multidisciplinario integrado por personas con y sin discapacidad sensorial. A través de un abordaje metodológico cuantitativo y cualitativo, la investigación buscó contribuir a problematizar el acceso a la tecnología por parte de las personas con discapacidad, sus principales motivaciones, intereses y barreras.

Technology-Aided Spatial Cues, Instructions, and Preferred Stimulation for Supporting People With Intellectual and Visual Disabilities in Their Occupational Engagement and Mobility: Usability Study

Background Persons with severe or profound intellectual disability and visual impairment tend to be passive and sedentary, and technology-aided intervention may be required to improve their condition without excessive demands on staff time. Objective This study aims to extend the assessment of technology-aided interventions for supporting functional occupational engagement and mobility in 7 people with intellectual disability and visual impairment and to use a technology system that is simpler and less expensive than those previously used. Methods The technology system involved a Samsung Galaxy A10, 4 Philips Hue indoor motion sensors, and 4 mini speakers. Within each session, the participants were to collect 18 objects (ie, one at a time) from 3 different areas (stations) located within a large room, bring each of the objects to a central desk, and put away each of those objects there. For each object, the participants received verbal (spatial) cues for guiding them to the area where the object was to be collected, a verbal instruction (ie, request) to take an object, verbal (spatial) cues for guiding them to the central desk, a verbal instruction to put away the object collected, and praise and preferred stimulation. Results During baseline, the frequency of responses completed correctly (objects collected and put away independently) was 0 or near 0. During the intervention phase (ie, with the support of the technology setup), the frequency increased for all participants, reaching a mean of almost 18 (out of 18 response opportunities) for 6 participants and about 13 for the remaining participant. The mean session duration ranged from 12 to 30 minutes. Conclusions A program, such as the one used in this study, can be useful in promoting occupational engagement and mobility in persons with intellectual disability and visual impairment.

The Effect of Motivation to Participate in Sport on Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors in Individuals with Physical Disabili-ties

Background: This cross sectional study was conducted to analyse the level of motivation and proso-cial as well as antisocial behaviors of the individuals with physical disabilities who do sports, to eval-uate whether their motivational states were related with prosocial and antisocial behaviors, and to determine if the type of disability affect their motivation or prosocial and antisocial behaviors. Method: The research was conducted on 688 individuals who do sports and have physical disabili-ties in various regions of Turkey in 2020. Motivation Scale for Sports Participation of People with Disabilities (MSSPPD), Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale (PABSS) were used as data collection tools in this research. Results: Motivation to participate in sports level of the individuals with physical disabilities was quite high. Their prosocial behavior towards their teammates and opponents was high, while their antisocial behavior towards teammates and opponent team players was low. When subjects' motiva-tions were examined according to the type of disability, motivation levels of individuals with ortho-pedic and visual disabilities were higher than those of individuals with hearing disabilities. Conclusion: As a result, individuals with disabilities need strong motivation to participate in sport programs and this improves them behaviourally. As their motivation for participation in sport in-creased, their prosocial behaviors were positively affected, and their antisocial behaviors decrease.

Facilitadores en el deporte paralímpico: motivos de práctica deportiva en jugadores con discapacidad física y visual (Facilitators in Paralympic sport: motives for sports practice in players with physical and visual disabilities)

La motivación como un elemento propio de cada deportista es generadora de respuestas positivas en la práctica deportiva, por tanto, la evaluación de esta en los deportistas adaptados contribuye a generar propuestas que consideren las expectativas de los mismos. Objetivo: Identificar los motivos de la práctica deportiva en jugadores de tenis en silla de ruedas y goalball. Método: Quince deportistas: 5 de tenis en silla de ruedas y 10 de goalball, pertenecientes a diferentes clubes regionales, respondieron el Cuestionario “Participation Motivation Inventory”. Resultados: El 100% de los jugadores en tenis en silla de ruedas valoraron muy importante los ítems: “Me gusta ganar”, “Quiero estar en forma”, “Me gusta hacer ejercicio”, “Me gusta la acción”, “Me gusta la competición”, “Me gusta practicar deporte”, “Quiero estar físicamente bien”, y “Quiero alcanzar un status – elite”; mientras que en goalball fueron los ítems: “Quiero mejorar mis habilidades”, “Quiero aprender nuevas habilidades”, “Me gusta la competición”, “Me gusta practicar deporte”, “Quiero mejorar mi nivel”, “Quiero estar físicamente bien” y “Me gusta divertirme”. En ambas poblaciones los ítems: “Es por satisfacer a mis padres o amigos” y “Por influencia de los entrenadores o instructores” fueron valorados como nada importante por el 40% de los deportistas. Conclusiones: Los motivos más valorados por los jugadores de tenis en silla de ruedas y los jugadores de goalball están relacionados con el factor de superación y el factor personal respectivamente, mientras que el factor socio-deportivo es el menos importante en su motivación para la práctica deportiva. Abstract. Motivation as an element of each athlete generates positive responses in practice, therefore, its evaluation in adapted athletes contributes to generating proposals that consider their sporting expectations. Aims: To identify the motives for sports practice in wheelchair tennis and goalball players. Method: Fifteen athletes: 5 for wheelchair tennis and 10 for goalball, belonging to different clubs in the region, answered the Questionnaire “Participation Motivation Inventory”. Results: 100% of wheelchair tennis players rated the items as very important: "I like to win", "I want to be fit", "I like to exercise", "I like action", "I like the competition "," I like to practice sports "," I want to be physically well ", and" I want to achieve elite status "; while in goalball there were the items: "I want to improve my skills", "I want to learn new skills", "I like competition", "I like to practice sports", "I want to improve my level", "I want to be physically well" and "I like to have fun". In both populations the items: "It is to satisfy my parents or friends" and "Due to the influence of the coaches or instructors" were valued as not important by 40% of the athletes. Conclusions: The motives most valued by wheelchair tennis players and goalball players are related to the overcoming factor and the personal factor respectively, while the socio-sports factor is the least important in their motivation for sports practice.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Individuals with Hearing and Visual Disabilities during the First Pandemic Wave in Italy

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed radical behavioral and social changes in the general population, significantly impacting the lives of individuals affected by disabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on noninstitutionalized subjects with sensorineural disabilities during the first COVID-19 wave in Italy. Methods. A 39-item online national survey was disseminated from 1 April 2020 to 31 June 2020 via social media throughout Italy to communities of individuals with proven severe sensorineural disabilities, affiliated to five national patient associations. The survey collected extensive information on the socio-demographic profile, health, everyday activities, and lifestyle of individuals with hearing and visual disabilities. Results. One hundred and sixty-three respondents with hearing (66.9%) and visual (33.1%) disabilities returned a usable questionnaire. The mean age of interviewees was 38.4 ± 20.2 years and 56.3% of them were females. Despite the vast majority of respondents (77.9%) perceiving their health status as unchanged (68.8% of interviewees with hearing deficits vs. 96.3% of those with visual impairments), about half the interviewees reported sleep disorders during lock-down, more likely those with visual deficits. Remote services were seemingly more effective for business than school activities were. Furthermore, although just 18.8% of respondents rated remote rehabilitation care unsatisfactory, only 12.8% of interviewees felt supported by health and social services. The vast majority of respondents were concerned about the future and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 contagion, particularly individuals with hearing impairments. Among the various risk mitigation measures, facemasks caused the greatest discomfort due to communication barriers, particularly among interviewees affected by hearing disabilities (92.2% vs. 45.7%). The most common request (46.5%) of respondents to reduce the inconveniences of country lock-down was improving the access to and delivery of health and social services (19.3%), followed by the use of transparent masks (17.5%). Conclusions. Although health protection measures such as face masks and social distancing play a key role in preventing and controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the unmet needs of disabled individuals should be carefully considered, especially those affected by sensory disabilities. Tailored access to health and social services for individuals affected by sensorineural disabilities should be implemented. Additional actions should include the use of face shields as a valid alternative to reduce communication barriers linked to hearing-impairment, as well as the improvement of remote services, especially distance learning at school.