scholarly journals Electroconvulsive Therapy in Super Refractory Status Epilepticus: Case Series with a Defined Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4023
Author(s):  
Beatriz García-López ◽  
Ana Isabel Gómez-Menéndez ◽  
Fernando Vázquez-Sánchez ◽  
Eva Pérez-Cabo ◽  
Francisco Isidro-Mesas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Antiepileptic Treatment ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
Feasible Option

Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) represents a neurological emergency that is characterized by a lack of response to the third line of antiepileptic treatment, including intravenous general anesthetics. It is a medical challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recommended as a nonpharmacologic option of treatment after other alternatives are unsuccessful. Its effect on the cessation of SRSE has been minimally investigated. The objective of this article is to analyze the effect of ECT on SRSE. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary team created a protocol based on clinical guidelines similar to those described previously by Ray et al. (2017). ECT was applied to six patients with SRSE after the failure of antiepileptic treatment and pharmacologic coma.The objective of each ECT session was to elicit a motor seizure for at least 20 s. SRSE was resolved in all patients after several days of treatment, including ECT as a therapy, without relevant adverse effects. Thus, ECT is an effective and feasible option in the treatment of SRSE, and its place in the algorithm in treatment should be studied due to the uncommon adverse effects and the noninvasive character of the therapy.

scholarly journals The Treatment and Prognosis of Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. E204-E210
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gollwitzer ◽  
Hajo Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

AbstractRefractory status epilepticus (RSE) is defined as status epilepticus (SE) persisting over 60 min and resistant to treatment with benzodiazepines and non-sedating antiepileptic drugs. The term super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) refers to a refractory episode continuing under general anesthesia for more than 24 h. RSE is treated with a combination of non-sedating AED and i. v. anesthetics; first choice drugs are midazolam, propofol and thiopental. The management of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is challenging as clear evidence-based guidelines are lacking. Recommendations are mainly based on case reports and small case series. Therapeutic options include ketamine, inhalational anesthetics, steroids and immunoglobulins. Ketogenic diet, electroconvulsive therapy and epilepsy surgery are also considered as potentially effective. A promising new approach is the neurosteroid allopregnanolone. Mortality of RSE and SRSE is largely influenced by the etiology and is markedly higher as compared to non-refractory status epilepticus. It was reported to be about 30% and 50%, respectively.

scholarly journals A case series of super-refractory status epilepticus successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-833
Author(s):  
Hui Jan Tan ◽  
Tze Yuan Tee ◽  
Mazlina Husin ◽  
Ching Soong Khoo ◽  
Luke Sy-Cherng Woon
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Refractory Status

Electroconvulsive Therapy for Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Series

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooman Kamel ◽  
Susannah Brock Cornes ◽  
Manu Hegde ◽  
Stephen E. Hall ◽  
S. Andrew Josephson
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Refractory Status

scholarly journals New-onset super refractory status epilepticus: A case-series

Seizure ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Aurangzeb ◽  
Lara Prisco ◽  
Jane Adcock ◽  
Mahiri Speirs ◽  
Simon Raby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
New Onset

scholarly journals Ketogenic diet for super-refractory status epilepticus: A case series and review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
VimalKumar Paliwal ◽  
Sucharita Anand ◽  
AmarS Vibhute ◽  
Ananya Das ◽  
Shilpi Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Refractory Status

scholarly journals Partial Status Epilepticus with Paradoxical Protein-Cytologic Dissociation in Cerebrospinal Fluid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Singh ◽  
John J. Lansing ◽  
Aparna Polavarapu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Drug Interventions

AbstractStatus epilepticus is associated with high morbidity and mortality, often requiring multiple drug interventions and intensive care monitoring. Etiology of status epilepticus plays a crucial role in the treatment, natural course and outcome of the patient, prompting extensive testing and imaging. For example, an important risk for status epilepticus in adults and children is the presence of an underlying viral or bacterial central nervous system infection, appropriate treatment of which can improve the outcome of the patient. We present three cases of new-onset refractory status epilepticus in women who did not have evidence of a central nervous system infection and had significantly elevated leukocytes compared to protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. This finding suggests an autoimmune etiology; however, standard autoimmune testing was unremarkable in all cases. This case series highlights the variability in presentation and clinical course in patients presenting with status epilepticus of unknown cause, and we discuss the importance of further research into appropriate and reliable diagnostic evaluations.

scholarly journals Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus Treated with High Dose Perampanel: Case Series and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Newey ◽  
Naresh Mullaguri ◽  
Stephen Hantus ◽  
Vineet Punia ◽  
Pravin George
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures

Introduction. Acute symptomatic seizures are frequent in the critically ill patient and can be difficult to treat. The novel anticonvulsant perampanel may be effective in the treatment of status epilepticus considering its mechanism of action of being an AMPA antagonist. We present four cases of super refractory status epilepticus treated with high dose perampanel. Method. Case report. Cases. Four patients were treated with perampanel for their refractory status epilepticus. One patient had new onset refractory status epilepticus of unknown etiology. Three other patients had status epilepticus as a result of their cardiac arrest. Two of the cardiac arrest patients had myoclonus. In all patients, the additional of perampanel resulted in a reduction of seizure burden without affecting hemodynamics or hepatic or renal function. Conclusion. Perampanel may be effective in the treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus of varying etiologies. A larger, prospective study is needed to further assess this therapy.

scholarly journals New-onset super-refractory status epilepticus

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (16) ◽  
pp. e2280-e2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Matthews ◽  
Ayham Alkhachroum ◽  
Nina Massad ◽  
Riva Letchinger ◽  
Kevin Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
New Onset

ObjectiveTo better understand the heterogeneous population of patients with new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), we studied the most severe cases in patients who presented with new-onset super-refractory status epilepticus (NOSRSE).MethodsWe report a retrospective case series of 26 adults admitted to the Columbia University Irving Medical Center neurologic intensive care unit (NICU) from February 2009 to February 2016 with NOSRSE. We evaluated demographics, diagnostic studies, and treatment course. Outcomes were modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) at hospital discharge and most recent follow-up visit (minimum of 2 months post discharge), NICU and hospital length of stay, and long-term antiepileptic drug use.ResultsOf the 252 patients with refractory status epilepticus, 27/252 had NORSE and 26/27 of those had NOSRSE. Age was bimodally distributed with peaks at 27 and 63 years. The majority (96%) had an infectious or psychiatric prodrome. Etiology was cryptogenic in 73%, autoimmune in 19%, and infectious in 8%. Seven patients (27%) underwent brain biopsy, autopsy, or both; 3 (12%) were diagnostic (herpes simplex encephalitis, candida encephalitis, and acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis). On discharge, 6 patients (23%) had good or fair outcome (mRS 0–3). Of the patients with long-term follow-up data (median 9 months, interquartile range 2–22 months), 12 patients (71%) had mRS 0–3.ConclusionAmong our cohort, nearly all patients with NORSE had NOSRSE. The majority were cryptogenic with few antibody-positive cases identified. Neuropathology was diagnostic in 12% of cases. Although only 23% of patients had good or fair outcome on discharge, 71% met these criteria at follow-up.

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