scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Land Use on Surface Water Quality in the Lower uMfolozi Floodplain System, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Mandla Dlamini ◽  
George Chirima ◽  
Nebo Jovanovic ◽  
Elhadi Adam
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
South African ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Quality Guidelines

This study investigated the impacts of cultivation on water and soil quality in the lower uMfolozi floodplain system in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. We did this by assessing seasonal variations in purposefully selected water and soil properties in these two land-use systems. The observed values were statistically analysed by performing Student’s paired t-tests to determine seasonal trends in these variables. Results revealed significant seasonal differences in chloride and sodium concentrations and electrical conductivity (EC) and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) with cultivated sites exhibiting higher values. Most of the analyzed chemical parameters were within acceptable limits specified by the South African agricultural-water-quality (SAWQ) water quality guidelines for irrigation except for sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), chloride, sodium and EC. EC, pH and nitrate content which were higher than the specified SAWQ limits in cultivated sites. Quantities of glyphosate, ametryn and imidacloprid could not be measured because they were below detectable limits. The study concludes that most water quality parameters met SAWQ’s standards. These results argue for concerted efforts to systematically monitor water and soil quality characteristics in this environment to enhance sustainability by providing timely information for management purposes.

The development of South African water quality guidelines for the natural aquatic environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
H. M. MacKay ◽  
D. J. Roux ◽  
P. J. Ashton ◽  
H. R. van Vliet ◽  
S. Jooste
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
South African ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Water Quality Guidelines ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
South African Water

This paper describes the progress made by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry in the development of documented water quality guidelines for aquatic ecosystems in South Africa, which will be able to take into account local and site-specific conditions. Proposed guidelines for toxic substances, nutrients and physico-chemical variables are described.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Cumulative Surface Water Pollution on Selected Areas within the Consolidated Main Reef Area, Roodepoort, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S12997
Author(s):  
D.N. Muruven ◽  
M. Tekere
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
South African ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
The South ◽  
Surface Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality Guidelines ◽  
Quality Guidelines

Mining has long been at the center of the South African economy and has contributed to significant developments within the country. However, despite the large economic impact, surface water pollution due to mining is prevalent in most of the country's water catchments. Surface water in many areas of the central Roodepoort area in Johannesburg, South Africa, has also been impacted primarily by mining activities. The surface water quality for the Bosmontspruit, Russell's Stream, and the New Canada Dam was assessed in this study from October 2010 to March 2011. Physicochemical and biological characteristics of the water were determined for eight monitoring points, and the results obtained were compared with the in-stream water quality guidelines for the Klip River catchment and the South African Water Quality Guidelines. A trend noticed throughout the sampling period was the noncompliance to the set target water quality ranges (TWQRs) in the levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO). The results indicate that concentrations of iron, aluminum, nickel, manganese, and potassium were above the permissible limits across the Bosmontspruit and Russell's Stream. Excessive fecal coliforms and ammonium pollution were also detected in the Bosmontspruit. Additionally, during the monitoring period, it was noted that the water was being utilized for domestic purposes, and may pose health hazards due to poor water quality.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Mokopane Area, Limpopo, South Africa

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Mmasabata Dolly Molekoa ◽  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Huynh Vuong Thu Minh ◽  
Rajarshi Dasgupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical

Considering the well-documented impacts of land-use change on water resources and the rapid land-use conversions occurring throughout Africa, in this study, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of surface water quality and its relation with the land use and land cover (LULC) pattern in Mokopane, Limpopo province of South Africa. Various physico-chemical parameters were analyzed for surface water samples collected from five sampling locations from 2016 to 2020. Time-series analysis of key surface water quality parameters was performed to identify the essential hydrological processes governing water quality. The analyzed water quality data were also used to calculate the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and weighted water quality index (WQI). Also, the spatial trend of water quality is compared with LULC changes from 2015 to 2020. Results revealed that the concentration of most of the physico-chemical parameters in the water samples was beyond the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted permissible limit, except for a few parameters in some locations. Based on the calculated values of HPI and HEI, water quality samples were categorized as low to moderately polluted water bodies, whereas all water samples fell under the poor category (>100) and beyond based on the calculated WQI. Looking precisely at the water quality’s temporal trend, it is found that most of the sampling shows a deteriorating trend from 2016 to 2019. However, the year 2020 shows a slightly improving trend on water quality, which can be justified by lowering human activities during the lockdown period imposed by COVID-19. Land use has a significant relationship with surface water quality, and it was evident that built-up land had a more significant negative impact on water quality than the other land use classes. Both natural processes (rock weathering) and anthropogenic activities (wastewater discharge, industrial activities etc.) were found to be playing a vital role in water quality evolution. This study suggests that continuous assessment and monitoring of the spatial and temporal variability of water quality in Limpopo is important to control pollution and health safety in the future.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bromide in groundwater in selected regions in South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
HL Lucht ◽  
NH Casey
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
South African ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Toxicity Risk ◽  
Domestic Use

Many regions across South Africa are dependent on groundwater as the only water source for livestock watering and domestic use. This paper presents an analysis of 350 water samples from collated data of 5 reports published between 2001 and 2016 that show the vast range of 0–132.68 mg/L bromide (Br−) present in South African groundwater. It further highlights that Br− may be a greater toxicity risk factor to livestock production and human health as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) and through accumulation in organs than previously considered. Further validation is required of the physiological effects of Br− for inclusion in water quality guidelines (WQG). Attention is drawn to the importance of site-specific water quality (WQ) monitoring and identification of vulnerable populations to enable adequate risk assessment and implementation of mitigating strategies to lower exposure risk in a specific area.

scholarly journals Can integrative catchment management mitigate future water quality issues caused by climate change and socio-economic development?

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1593-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Honti ◽  
Nele Schuwirth ◽  
Jörg Rieckermann ◽  
Christian Stamm
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Predictive Uncertainty ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Abstract. The design and evaluation of solutions for integrated surface water quality management requires an integrated modelling approach. Integrated models have to be comprehensive enough to cover the aspects relevant for management decisions, allowing for mapping of larger-scale processes such as climate change to the regional and local contexts. Besides this, models have to be sufficiently simple and fast to apply proper methods of uncertainty analysis, covering model structure deficits and error propagation through the chain of sub-models. Here, we present a new integrated catchment model satisfying both conditions. The conceptual iWaQa model was developed to support the integrated management of small streams. It can be used to predict traditional water quality parameters, such as nutrients and a wide set of organic micropollutants (plant and material protection products), by considering all major pollutant pathways in urban and agricultural environments. Due to its simplicity, the model allows for a full, propagative analysis of predictive uncertainty, including certain structural and input errors. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated by predicting future surface water quality in a small catchment with mixed land use in the Swiss Plateau. We consider climate change, population growth or decline, socio-economic development, and the implementation of management strategies to tackle urban and agricultural point and non-point sources of pollution. Our results indicate that input and model structure uncertainties are the most influential factors for certain water quality parameters. In these cases model uncertainty is already high for present conditions. Nevertheless, accounting for today's uncertainty makes management fairly robust to the foreseen range of potential changes in the next decades. The assessment of total predictive uncertainty allows for selecting management strategies that show small sensitivity to poorly known boundary conditions. The identification of important sources of uncertainty helps to guide future monitoring efforts and pinpoints key indicators, whose evolution should be closely followed to adapt management. The possible impact of climate change is clearly demonstrated by water quality substantially changing depending on single climate model chains. However, when all climate trajectories are combined, the human land use and management decisions have a larger influence on water quality against a time horizon of 2050 in the study.

scholarly journals Using Remote Sensing and Multivariate Statistics in Analyzing the Relationship between Land Use Pattern and Water Quality in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Giao ◽  
Nguyen Van Cong ◽  
Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Use Patterns

This study was carried out to understand how land use patterns influence surface water quality in Tien Giang Province using remote sensing and statistical approaches. Surface water quality data were collected at 34 locations with the frequency of four times (March, June, September, and November) in 2019. Water quality parameters were used in the analysis, including pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (N-NH4+), nitrite (N-NO2−), nitrate (N-NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), orthophosphate (P-PO43−), chloride (Cl−), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and coliform. The relationship between land use patterns and water quality was analyzed using geographic information techniques (GIS), remote sensing (RS), statistical approaches (cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and Krustal–Wallis), and weighted entropy. The results showed water quality was impaired by total suspended solids, nutrients (N-NH4+, N-NO2−, P-PO43−), organic matters (BOD, COD), and ions (Cl− and SO42−). Kruskal–Wallis analysis results showed that all water quality parameters in the water bodies in Tien Giang Province were seasonally fluctuated, except for BOD and TN. The highest levels of water pollutants were found mostly in the dry season (March and June). The majority of the land in the study area was used for rice cultivation (40.64%) and residential (27.51%). Water quality in the study area was classified into nine groups corresponding to five combined land use patterns comprising residential–aquaculture, residential–rice cultivation, residential–perennials, residential–rice–perennial, and residential–rice–perennial crops–aquacultural. The concentrations of the water pollutants (TSS, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, Cl−, and coliform) in the locations with aquaculture land use patterns (Clusters 1 and 2) were significantly larger than those of the remaining land use patterns. PCA analysis presented that most of the current water quality monitoring parameters had a great impact on water quality in the water bodies. The entropy weight showed that TSS, N-NO2−, and coliform are the most important water quality parameters due to residential–aquaculture and residential–rice cultivation; EC, DO, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, Cl−, and coliform were the significant variables for the land use type of residential–perennial crops; N-NO2−, P-PO43−, and coliform for the land use pattern of residential–rice cultivation–perennial crops) and N-NH4+, N-NO2−, Cl−, and coliform for the land use pattern of residential–rice cultivation–perennial crops–aquaculture. The current findings showed that that surface water quality has been influenced by the complex land use patterns in which residential and rice cultivation may have major roles in causing water impairment. The results of the water quality assessment and the variation in water properties of the land use patterns found in this study provide scientific evidence for future water quality management.

scholarly journals  the Impact of Watershed Land Use on River Water Quality: Implication for Planning in the Case of Kebena River Watershed, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalkidan Asnake ◽  
Hailu Worku ◽  
Mekuria Argaw
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Watershed Land Use ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The impact of watershed land-use on surface water quality, especially in urbanized areas, has been investigated in numerous studies in developed countries, however, the issue is one of the under researched areas in developing cities of Africa. To study the impact of watershed land-use on surface water quality, we used the main land use types of the Kebena watershed from aerial photograph and collected river water samples during the dry and wet seasons for two consecutive years at different points from the river course. We calculated the share of each land use using ArcGIS and tested the water quality during each season. The variations in water quality parameters relating to the different land use types of the sub-watersheds were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Kebena watershed is mainly covered by 39.14% forest, 32.51% built-up area and 27.25% cultivated land. At sub-catchment level, Denkaka, (agriculture dominated) sub-catchment with 44.90 % cultivated land, Little Kebena, (forest dominated) sub-catchment, with 60.87% forest cover and Ginfle (urban dominated) sub-catchment with 90.44% built-up area were identified. The variations in water quality parameters relating to the different land use types of Kebena watershed revealed the significantly high seasonal relationship between the concentration of the water quality indicators during the dry season at (P<0.001, P<0.05). Furthermore, there is a strong positive relationship between the urban and forest dominated sub-catchments and water quality indicators during both the wet and dry seasons than agriculture dominated sub-catchment.Conclusion: Integrating watershed planning with land use planning, therefore, becomes one of the vital tools to address water quality problems in a holistic manner to further prioritize restoration and protection strategies for specific sub-catchments. Thus, in the urban dominated sub-catchment, relocating riverfront communities, providing a well-designed sewage system, applying appropriate storm water management schemes, are some of the important measures while providing wide river buffers with various vegetation cover are necessary to minimize pollutants influx to the river from the agriculture dominated sub-catchment. Furthermore, in the forested sub-catchment, applying preventive measures to retain and enhance connectivity of the existing natural green spaces through open space planning, development and management schemes is crucial.

Assessement of Water Quality Parameters in Some Potential Pollutant Areas from Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2045-2049
Author(s):  
Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe ◽  
Andreea Bondarev ◽  
Ion Onutu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Pollutant Sources ◽  
Water Quality Forecasting

Monitoring of environmental factors allows the achievement of some important objectives regarding water quality, forecasting, warning and intervention. The aim of this paper is to investigate water quality parameters in some potential pollutant sources from northern, southern and east-southern areas of Romania. Surface water quality data for some selected chemical parameters were collected and analyzed at different points from March to May 2017.

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