scholarly journals Costs Associated with the Treatment of Clostridioides Difficile Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7647
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Sierocka ◽  
Zofia Kiersnowska ◽  
Ewelina Lemiech-Mirowska ◽  
Michał Marczak
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
National Health ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Prolonged Hospitalisation ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
National Health Fund ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection

Background: Clostridioides difficile, as the main cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalised patients, is a considerable challenge for medical personnel (hospital environment) who have direct contact with the patient, as well as being of interest to public health specialists. Financial issues related to the occurrence of the above-mentioned micro-organism are being increasingly raised. Due to the scale of the phenomenon, we are beginning to pay attention to the significant system costs caused by the diagnosis and treatment of CDI infection and its complications. Studies indicate that the nosocomial infection of C. difficile complicates hospitalisation, by increasing the cost by more than half and extending patient’s stay by an average of 3.6 days. Material and methods: The aim of this study was to attempt to calculate the estimated costs associated with the prolonged hospitalisation of patients with nosocomial CDI infection, using the example of a hospital in Lodz. A total of 53 completed hospitalisations of patients treated in the period of January–August 2018 were analysed, during which hospital Clostridioides difficile infection was identified. For the purposes of this study, statistical data collected in the hospital’s IT system were also analysed, covering 44,868 hospitalisations in the Jan–Aug 2018 period, during which no hospital infection occurred. They was a control group, in which the analysed cases were compared. The obtained data in the study determined how long each patient with Clostridioides difficile infection stayed in the hospital (from the moment infection was diagnosed until the day of hospital discharge), and which diagnosis related groups (DRG) (according to National Health Fund guidelines) were assigned. The average length of patient stay without infection within a given DRG group in each hospital ward was also determined. The collected materials became the initial point for the final analysis of hospital costs and the length of hospital stay caused by Clostridioides difficile infection. Results: Clostridioides difficile infection extended the hospital stay by an average of almost 12 days. The average cost of prolonged hospitalisation due to CDI infection (according to the average cost per person-day) was about PLN 7148 (1664 EUR), which gave a total value of about PLN 378,860.6 (88,240.5 EUR) in the examined period. At the same time, the average expenditure from the National Health Fund for hospitalisation due to CDI infections increased by about PLN 6627 (1542.8 EUR), which in the analysed period translated into over PLN 351,232.0 (81,505.5 EUR) (according to settlements with the National Health Fund). The outcome indicates that there is a clear relation between CDI and the anticipated length of hospitalisation of patients without an infection.

Health System in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Daniel Ślęzak ◽  
Przemysław Żuratyński ◽  
Klaudiusz Nadolny ◽  
Marlena Robakowska ◽  
Alicja Kalis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Right To Health Care ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
National Health Fund ◽  
Care System

Health care systems face challenges related to the technological advances in medicine, demographic changes and limited opportunities for growth funding for health, necessitating greater involvement in the search for more efficient systems. The authors present the functioning of the Polish health care system based on social, historical outline of the healthcare system in Poland and the functioning of the National Health Fund (NFZ). Poland has undergone many reforms of the health care system, the Bismarck model, the model Siemaszko, and finally to a model of universal health insurance. So everyone has the same right to health care services financed by the NFZ or directly from the state budget (eg. The system of state emergency medical services). The National Health Fund allows anyone insured to free healthcare and reimbursement of medicines. Introduced information about information programs.

Traumatic Knee Injuries: Analysis of Reporting Data from the Period 2016-2018 Using API Interface of Polish National Health Fund Statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Piotr Bednarski ◽  
Karolina Piekarska
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
National Health Fund ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Reporting Data

Background. According to WHO statistics, injuries are among the main causes of contemporary health problems. Injury statistics have been showing a continuing upward trend over years. This is due to numerous factors, such as technological progress, increased life expectancy, change of lifestyle, growing popularity of sports and changes in working conditions. The structures affected by injuries within the knee joint include the ligaments, menisci, articular cartilage and patellar retinacula, with the most common injuries being those to the ligamentous apparatus and menisci. The main objective of this paper is to determine the number of patients hospitalised due to a primary knee injury. Material and methods. Determination of the number of patients hospitalised due to a primary knee injury was performed using the API Interface of National Health Fund (NFZ) Statistics-Benefits Version 1.0. The process of acquiring information on the number of patients consisted of four stages: preparation of a list of primary diagnoses according to ICD-10 classification, analysis of the ordinances of the President of NFZ concerning the conclusion and implementation of contracts on hospital treatment to select products that could be used to bill hospitalisation of patients with selected types of diagnosis, generating medical data using the API Interface of National Health Fund Statistics–Benefits and analysis of reporting data obtained. Results. According to data reported to NFZ, a total of 101,773 patients were hospitalised due to traumatic knee injuries over the period of three years (2016–2018), which gives an average of ca. 34,000 patients annually. Conclusions. 1. Knee injuries represent a very serious health problem in Poland. 2. Knee injuries most frequently affect the ligaments and menisci. 3. It seems necessary to develop a complete nation-wide database with up-to-date information on injuries in Poland that would enable providers to adapt medical services to the current needs of the patients.

The complexity of the process of service purchase planning by the National Health Fund

2012 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-429
Author(s):  
Mariusz Skrzypek ◽  
◽  
Jolanta Szymańska ◽  
Bartłomiej Buczek
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
National Health Fund

scholarly journals Evolution of health social security expenditure in Chile: A review of financial aggregates from 2000 to 2018

Medwave ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. e8117-e8117
Author(s):  
Rony Lenz-Alcayaga ◽  
Luciano Páez-Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
National Health ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Health Insurance System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
National Health Fund

Introduction In Chile, there is controversy regarding the magnitude of financing for the health system. Some experts state that more resources are needed, while others refer to the problems that may arise in managing a growing pool of resources. Aim This article aims to offer evidence to encourage critical discussion through a time series analysis of the leading financial aggregates in constant 2018 Chilean pesos of the Chilean social security in the period from 2000 to 2018. Methods We did an observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and time series trend analysis study. Financial aggregates are organized according to social security definitions and by financial administrators—the public National Health Fund and the private health insurers. Results Social security health spending has increased almost four-fold in the study period. After enacting the Explicit Guarantees in Health, the National Health Fund expanded more than the private health insurance system due to government allocations to the National Health Fund. In contrast, individual contributions decreased steadily every year during the study period. Per capita expenditure was higher in the private health insurance system. However, the per capita expenditure of the private insurance system over the public health fund has gradually decreased over time. Conclusion Firstly, Chile increased its health spending at a rate higher than observed in other Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Secondly, it transitioned from financing health mainly through workers’ contributions to growing prominence of the government’s overall contribution. In the wake of the announced health reform, the discussion of health funding will include employers’ role in health financing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dental plague removal procedure in adult population from the Łomża region

2020 ◽  
pp. 521-530
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Plaque Removal ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
National Health Fund

INTRODUCTION. The National Health Fund guarantees to insured persons free dental treatment as part of a catalog of scopes and benefits, such as dental treatment. Among the services included in the appendix there is a dental plaque removal procedure, which can be performed in adults once every 12 months or once every 6 months in the case of pregnant and puerperal women. This procedure involves breaking down the bacterial biofilm above and below the gingiva, rinsing it in vases with water from the periodontal area, and additionally, through the cavitation effect, it causes the implosion of air bubbles, directly destroying bacterial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The analysis covered 2,114 patients aged 18-89 who visited the dentist from 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2019. The dental clinic was located in a medium-sized town in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. The dental plaque removal procedures were performed on patients by dentists and then coded in accordance with the ICD9 Basic Edition Dictionary ICD9 CM (5.18) “23.1601 - Removal of plaque from 1/2 of the dental arch”, respectively. The visits analyzed for this study were performed in the period from 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2019. In the following epidemiological descriptive study, secondary sources of information were used, in the form of collective reports generated from electronic records, which are stored in the dental clinic that provides dental care for patients under an agreement with the National Health Fund for general dental treatment. RESULTS. The total number of women undergoing the plaque removal procedure was significantly higher than the number of men. The distribution of patients in different age groups was uneven. The highest percentage of patients undergoing the dental plaque removal procedure occurred in the age groups of 18-29 and 30-39 years - 21% and 29% of all respondents, respectively. The lowest number of patients was found in the age group of 80–89 years (1%).There is a statistical difference in the total number of dental procedures and in each age group in favor of women in each group, except the 60-79 age group. The greatest number of dental plaque removal procedures, compared to other procedures, was performed in men aged 30–39 years. Among men, along with the increase in age up to the age of 60, the number of dental plaque removal procedures decreased by an average of 10%, a drastic decrease occurred at the age of 70-79 - only 10% of procedures were dental plaque removal procedures. Among women aged 30-59 who were patients of the clinic, the percentage of women with dental plaque removal was about 30%, only in the age group over 80 the percentage of women who underwent the procedure fell to less than 10%. CONCLUSIONS. The results of the study show that the sex and age of the inhabitants of the Łomża region are significant variables related to the procedures of removing plaque in a dental office. Observation showing a decrease in the number of these procedures with increasing age of patients and their more frequent occurrence in women generally requires detailed studies identifying the main determinants of existing relationships.

scholarly journals An analysis of psychiatric services provided to adults in 2010–2014 based on the National Health Fund data

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321-1336
Author(s):  
Marta Anczewska ◽  
Daria Biechowska ◽  
Piotr Galecki ◽  
Małgorzata Janas-Kozik ◽  
Beata Koń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
National Health Fund
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