Prevalence and Initial Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy in Preterm and Term-Born Children in Taiwan: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

The aim of this long-term longitudinal study in Taiwan was to estimate and compare the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) and to identify the age of CP diagnosis of term-born and preterm children with different birthweights. Records of 1494 extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1000 g), 3961 very low birth weight (VLBW, 1000–1499 g), 19,612 low birth weight (LBW, 1500–2499 g) preterm, and 100,268 matched term-born children were retrieved from Taiwan′s National Health Insurance Research Database. According to a 12-year retrospective data review, the results showed the highest prevalence of CP in preterm ELBW children (147.3 cases per 1000 neonatal survivors), followed by preterm VLBW (97.2 cases), preterm LBW (27.7 cases), with the lowest prevalence in term-born children (2.5 cases). Regardless of the birthweight group, 90% of preterm children with CP were diagnosed by 4 years of age, but it was 7 years before 90% of term-born children with CP were diagnosed. After removing the children whose CP was caused by brain infections, injuries, or cerebrovascular accidents after 4 months of age, there were similar mean ages at the initial CP diagnosis (1.58–1.64 years of age) across birthweight groups born prematurely, but initial diagnosis occurred at an older age (2.41 years of age) in term-born children. The results indicate that birthweight is reversely correlated with the prevalence of CP in preterm children. Although the three preterm birthweight groups received different types of developmental follow-up programs after birth, it did not influence their age at the initial diagnosis of CP. Furthermore, we suggest that follow-up for at least 4 years after birth for preterm children, and 7 years for term-born children, is optimal for estimating CP prevalence. In order to identify and provide early intervention for term-born children with CP earlier, it is suggested that parents routinely fill out a self-reported motor developmental screening questionnaire and pediatricians conduct a motor developmental examination on term-born children at each time of scheduled vaccination injections.

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Population-Based Assessments of Ophthalmologic and Audiologic Follow-up in Children With Very Low Birth Weight Enrolled in Medicaid: A Quality-of-Care Study

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2007-0136 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. e278-e285 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. J. Wang ◽

M. N. Elliott ◽

E. A. McGlynn ◽

R. H. Brook ◽

M. A. Schuster

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Care ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Population Based ◽

Care Study

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P181 – 2393: Specific features of infantile cerebral palsy development in small premature infants with extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology ◽

10.1016/s1090-3798(15)30494-3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. S144-S145

Author(s):

K.M. Alieva ◽

M.O. Gasanova

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Infantile Cerebral Palsy

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Neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely low birth weight infants in Johannesburg, South Africa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31866/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tanusha Ramdin ◽

Yoliswa Magadla ◽

Robin T Saggers ◽

Aripfani Veronica Mphaphuli ◽

Rossella M Bandini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

At Risk ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Subscale Score ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Improved survival in preterm infants whether due to technological progress or treatment like antenatal steroids, surfactant administration or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and aggressive resuscitation have raised the question about whether the survivors would be more prone to increased morbidity and adverse neurodevelopmental disability. Methods: This was a prospective follow-up study conducted in the neonatal unit of a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Bayley scales of infant and toddler development, version III, were conducted on a group of extreme low birth weight infants (ELBWI). The mean composite cognitive, language and motor sub-scales were reported. Infants were considered to be “at risk” if the composite subscale score was below 85 and “disabled” if the composite subscale score was below 70. Infants identified with cerebral palsy were also reported.Results: The mean birth weight of the study group was 858.5grams (95% CI 839.2- 877.8) and the mean gestational age was 27.5 weeks (95% CI 27.1-27.9). The majority of ELBWI enrolled in the study had at least one Bayley at a mean corrected age of 17.09 months (CI 16.04 to 18.14). The mean composite scores for cognition were 98.4 (CI 95.1-101.7), language 90.0 (CI 87.5-92.6) and motor 97.9 (CI 94.8-101.0). All mean scores fell within the normal range, but the composite language score was the lowest. The study did not diagnose cerebral palsy in any of the infants. The study found 28 (36.3%) infants to be “at risk” for neurodevelopmental delay. Significantly more males were classified as “at risk” than females (13/25 (52%) vs. 15/52 (28.8%). Late onset sepsis (sepsis18/37 (48.6%) vs. no sepsis 10/40 (25%) p=0.031) and longer duration of ventilation (median of 12 days (IQR 46) vs. median of 4.0 days (IQR 5) p=0.048) were significantly associated with an “at risk” classification. Conclusion: Rates of early neurodevelopmental impairment have altered minimally despite significant improvements in the overall survival of ELBWI. It is of paramount importance to ensure that early neurodevelopmental outcomes are accurately assessed so as to assist doctors and families in establishing a foundation for advocacy for the immediate intensive care and post discharge follow up.

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Neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight newborn at 12 months of corrected age associated with prenatal risk factors

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20214536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1965

Author(s):

Balai Chandra Karmakar ◽

Kausik Patra ◽

Mrinmoy Bairagi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Perinatal Infection ◽

Prenatal Risk ◽

Prenatal Risk Factors ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies

Background: Various neuro-developmental impairment (NDI) among very low birth weight babies (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) babies are common in Indian scenario. This study was designed to assess the impact between prenatal risk factors and neuro-developmental outcomes of premature infants.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 143 VLBW and ELBW babies admitted in SNCU of North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling, West Bengal and discharged babies were followed up.Results: Total 143 neonates were studied among male 82 (57.3%) and female 61 (42.7%) and AGA: SGA ratio was 1.97. Birth weight ranged from 500 to 1500grams with mean was 1199.6±244.14 and the median was 1240 gm. The mean gestational age (Mean± SD) was 29.65±2.032 weeks with range 24-32 weeks and the median was 30 weeks. 28 (19.6%) had PIH, 39 (27.3%) had multiple gestation, 18 (12.6%) had perinatal infection and 25 (17.5%) had birth asphyxia. CRIB II score ranged from 3-18 with mean was 8.021±3.883 and median was 7. 73.4% (105/143) were discharged alive. Significant positive correlations were found among birth weight, gestational age, perinatal infection (p<0.001). Adverse neonatal outcome was associated with CRIB II score ≥10. Total CRIB II score with parameters of NDI like developmental delay, cerebral palsy, visual abnormality, absent ABR showed good correlation (p<0.001). Fisher Exact test revealed significant association between total score and Cerebral palsy (p=0.0005), visual abnormality (p=0.0005), absent ABR (p=0.0002).Conclusions: Perinatal risk factors influence future NDI in very low and extremely low birth weight babies. They should be identified and treated promptly to achieve good outcome.

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Language Development in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Children: A Follow-Up Study

Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica ◽

10.1159/000076062 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 108-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

E. Jansson-Verkasalo ◽

M. Valkama ◽

L. Vainionpää ◽

E. Pääkkö ◽

E. Ilkko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Language Development ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Children ◽

Follow Up Study

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20 Jahre Follow-up von «very low-birth-weight»-Kindern

Praxis ◽

10.1024/0369-8394.92.13.612 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 92 (13) ◽

pp. 612-613

Author(s):

M. Koller

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight

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Postnatal growth of infants with very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight

SOVREMENNAYA PEDIATRIYA ◽

10.15574/sp.2015.72.50 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 50-53

Author(s):

O.O. Bielova ◽

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight

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Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm very low birth weight infants admitted to an Italian tertiary center over an 11-year period

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95864-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stefania Longo ◽

Camilla Caporali ◽

Camilla Pisoni ◽

Alessandro Borghesi ◽

Gianfranco Perotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽

International Studies ◽

Perinatal Complications ◽

Neurological Assessment ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Tertiary Center

AbstractPreterm very low birth weight infants (VLBWi) are known to be at greater risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Identifying early factors associated with outcome is essential in order to refer patients for early intervention. Few studies have investigated neurodevelopmental outcome in Italian VLBWi. The aim of our longitudinal study is to describe neurodevelopmental outcome at 24 months of corrected age in an eleven-year cohort of 502 Italian preterm VLBWi and to identify associations with outcome. At 24 months, Griffiths’ Mental Developmental Scales were administered. Neurodevelopmental outcome was classified as: normal, minor sequelae (minor neurological signs, General Quotient between 76 and 87), major sequelae (cerebral palsy; General Quotient ≤ 75; severe sensory impairment). 75.3% showed a normal outcome, 13.9% minor sequelae and 10.8% major sequelae (3.8% cerebral palsy). Male gender, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, abnormal neonatal neurological assessment and severe brain ultrasound abnormalities were independently associated with poor outcome on multivariate ordered logistic regression. Rates of major sequelae are in line with international studies, as is the prevalence of developmental delay over cerebral palsy. Analysis of perinatal complications and the combination of close cUS monitoring and neurological assessment are still essential for early identification of infants with adverse outcome.

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Pregnancy Outcome during the First COVID 19 Lockdown in Vienna, Austria

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3782

Author(s):

Sylvia Kirchengast ◽

Beda Hartmann

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Gestational Length ◽

Live Births

The COVID 19 pandemic represents a major stress factor for non-infected pregnant women. Although maternal stress during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction, an increasing number of studies yielded no negative effects of COVID 19 lockdowns on pregnancy outcome. The present study focused on pregnancy outcome during the first COVID 19 lockdown phase in Austria. In particular, it was hypothesized that the national lockdown had no negative effects on birth weight, low birth weight rate and preterm birth rate. In a retrospective medical record-based single center study, the outcome of 669 singleton live births in Vienna Austria during the lockdown phase between March and July 2020 was compared with the pregnancy outcome of 277 live births at the same hospital during the pre-lockdown months of January and February 2020 and, in addition, with the outcome of 28,807 live births between 2005 and 2019. The rate of very low gestational age was significantly lower during the lockdown phase than during the pre-lockdown phase. The rate of low gestational age, however, was slightly higher during the lockdown phase. Mean birth weight was significantly higher during the lockdown phase; the rates of low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight were significantly lower during the lockdown phase. In contrast, maternal gestational weight gain was significantly higher during the lockdown phase. The stressful lockdown phase in Austria seems to have no negative affect on gestational length and newborn weight among non-infected mothers.

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