Dual Tasking during Trip Recovery and Obstacle Clearance among Young, Healthy Adults in Human Factors Research

Trip-induced falls are extremely common in ergonomic settings. Such situations can lead to fatal or non-fatal injuries, affecting the workers’ quality of life and earning capacity. Dual tasking (DT) is a leading cause of trips and ineffective obstacle clearance among workers. DT increases their attentional demand, challenging both postural control and concurrent secondary tasks. As the human brain has limited attentional processing capacity, even young, healthy adults need to prioritize duties during DT. This article aimed to analyze these secondary task types and their applications in recent trip-related studies conducted on young, healthy adults. An extensive review of the recent trip-related literature was performed to provide a condensed summary of the dual tasks used. In previous trip-related literature, distinct types of secondary tasks were used. The choice of the concurrent task must be made vigilantly depending on the occupation, environmental context, available resources, and feasibility. DT can be used as a tool to train workers on selective attention, which is a lifesaving skill in ergonomic settings, especially in the occupations of roofers, construction workers, or truck drivers. Such training can result in successful obstacle clearance and trip recovery skills, which eventually minimizes the number of falls at the workplace.

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Methodological quality of studies and patient age as major sources of variation in efficacy estimates of influenza vaccination in healthy adults: a meta-analysis

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.068 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (25-26) ◽

pp. 3475-3486 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

P Villari ◽

L Manzoli ◽

A Boccia

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Methodological Quality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Patient Age ◽

Patient Âgé ◽

Sources Of Variation

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Post-Reading Comprehension Questions and Task Types in Vision: A Locally Developed Textbook for Teaching English as a Foreign Language

10.21203/rs.3.rs-381452/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mavadat Saidi ◽

Nilufar Karami ◽

Morteza Marooy

Keyword(s):

Reading Comprehension ◽

Foreign Language ◽

Reading Skills ◽

Kappa Coefficient ◽

Dominant Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Explicit Content ◽

Task Types ◽

And Task

Abstract Responding to the call for perusing the post-reading comprehension questions in various EFL textbooks, the current study aimed to investigate the post-reading comprehension questions and task types in the Vision series including three student books and their accompanying workbooks in light of Freeman’s (2014) taxonomy. Following a descriptive content analysis procedure, the post-reading comprehension questions in each student books and its accompanying workbook were categorized and counted by the researchers and the Kappa coefficient was 0.97. The results revealed that Content questions were the most dominant type in all the student books and workbooks except for Vision 3 in which Language questions were the most frequent of all. The results also showed that the highest frequency of post-reading comprehension questions belonged to Explicit (Content) and Form (Language) in student books and Explicit and Implicit (Content), Form (Language), and Personal Response (Affect) in workbooks. The results of Kruskal Wallis test of independent samples indicated a significant difference in terms of Affect type across the student books and workbooks of Vision series. The findings raise the EFL material developers’ awareness of the existing post-reading comprehension questions and tasks to enhance the quality of reading sections of EFL textbooks. The results also help the teachers to supplement the books with the missing types and take a comprehensive approach to developing the learners’ reading skills.

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Influence of Different Dual-Task Conditions During Straight or Curved Walking on Gait Performance of Physically Active Older Women With Cognitive Decline

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2021-0099 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Luiz Fernado Biazus-Sehn ◽

Rafael Reimann Baptista ◽

Régis Gemerasca Mestriner ◽

Bianca Pacheco Loss ◽

Daniela Aldabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Stride Length ◽

Cognitive Demands ◽

Stability Ratio ◽

Physically Active ◽

Secondary Tasks ◽

Dual Tasking ◽

Gait Parameters ◽

Walk Ratio ◽

Task Conditions

Real-world walking requires shifting attention from different cognitive demands to adapt gait. This study aims to evaluate the effect of dual tasking on spatiotemporal gait parameters of older adults. Participants were asked to perform a primary complex single-walking task, consisting of a fast-paced linear and a curved gait. Primary task was performed separately and simultaneously with different motor and cognitive secondary tasks. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, walk ratio, and walk stability ratio were measured. Apart from stride length, which stood relatively unchanged, gait speed and cadence were strongly affected by cognitive dual tasking. Cadence seems to be the most impacted by dual tasking during curved gait as it combines challenges of both primary and secondary tasks. Also, during curved phase, walking ratio was significantly lower and stability ratio was greater demonstrating that participants adopted a cautious gait where maintenance of stability took preference over efficiency.

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Association Between Spirituality/religiousness and Quality of Life Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-105884/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

CEZIMAR CORREIA BORGES ◽

PATRÍCIA ROBERTA DOS SANTOS ◽

POLISSANDRO MORTOZA ALVES ◽

RENATA CUSTÓDIO MACIEL BORGES ◽

GIANCARLO LUCCHETTI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Academic Research ◽

Positive Association ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is determined by multiple factors that include components such as spirituality and religiousness (S/R). Even though various systematic reviews have investigated the association between S/R and improved health outcomes in the most different groups, healthy young individuals are seldom addressed. The aim this study was to evalue the association between S/R and HRQoL among young, healthy individuals.Methods: Systematic review of papers published in the last ten years and indexed in four academic research databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) and two gray literature databases. Inclusion criteria were studies assessing S/R and HRQoL using validated instruments and assessing healthy adults (i.e., non-clinical patients, not belonging to any specific group of chronic diseases), aged between 18 and 64 years old. Results: Ten out of 1,952 studies met the inclusion criteria: nine cross-sectional and one longitudinal cohort study, in which 89% of the participants were college students. Nine studies report a positive association between S/R and HRQoL, while one study did not report any significant association. The main HRQoL domains associated with S/R were the psychological, social relationships, and environment domains, while the S/R most influent facets/components were optimism, inner strength, peace, high control, hope, and happiness. Conclusions: Higher S/R levels among healthy adult individuals were associated with higher HRQoL levels, suggesting the S/R can be an important strategy to deal with adverse environmental situations even among those without chronic diseases, enhancing the wellbeing of individuals. Registration of systematic review: PROSPERO - CRD42018104047

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Co-activation of rhythms during alpha band oscillations as an interictal biomarker of exploding head syndrome

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102420902705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 949-958

Author(s):

Dimitris Fotis Sakellariou ◽

Alexander David Nesbitt ◽

Sean Higgins ◽

Sandor Beniczky ◽

Jan Rosenzweig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alpha Rhythm ◽

Well Being ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Attentional Processing ◽

Sensory Stimuli ◽

Co Activation ◽

Underlying Pathophysiology ◽

Control Study

Background Exploding head syndrome is a rarely reported benign sensory parasomnia that may nonetheless have significant impact on patients’ quality of life and their perceived well-being. To date, the mechanisms underlying attacks, characterised by a painless perception of abrupt, loud noises at transitional sleep-wake or wake-sleep states, are by and large unclear. Methods and results In order to address the current gap in the knowledge of potential underlying pathophysiology, a retrospective case-control study of polysomnographic recordings of patients presenting to a tertiary sleep disorders clinic with exploding head syndrome was conducted. Interictal (non-attack associated) electroencephalographic biomarkers were investigated by performing macrostructural and event-related dynamic spectral analyses of the whole-night EEG. In patients with exploding head syndrome, additional oscillatory activity was recorded during wakefulness and at sleep/wake periods. This activity differed in its frequency, topography and source from the alpha rhythm that it accompanied. Conclusion Based on these preliminary findings, we hypothesise that at times of sleep-wake transition in patients with exploding head syndrome, aberrant attentional processing may lead to amplification and modulation of external sensory stimuli.

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