scholarly journals Symptoms of Autism, Comorbid Mental Health Conditions and Challenging Behaviors among Toddlers with Down Syndrome at Low Risk for ASD—Characterization Using the BISCUIT—Parts 1–3

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10684
Author(s):  
Ewa Pisula ◽  
Alicja Niedźwiecka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Children With Asd

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may coexist with Down syndrome (DS). Most studies on this topic involve school-age children, adolescents, or adults with DS. This study looked at ASD symptoms, other mental health problems, and challenging behaviors in toddlers with DS at low risk of ASD. Methods: We used screening tools for autism in toddlers; BISCUIT–Parts 1–3 and Q-CHAT. We compared four groups of children aged 17–37 months: DS, ASD, Atypical Development (AD), and Typically Developing (TD). Results: Children with DS showed lower symptoms of ASD than children with ASD (without DS) and higher than TD children, except for repetitive behaviors/restricted interests. For comorbid mental health problems and difficult behaviors, children with DS scored lower than children with ASD. There were no differences between children with DS and TD children in this regard. Conclusions: The study results indicate that BISCUIT–Parts 1–3 are valid instruments to differentiate toddlers with DS from toddlers with ASD. However, they also show that toddlers with DS at low ASD risk are a very heterogeneous group when the ASD symptoms are considered. Autistic characteristics should be taken into account in supporting young children with this genetic condition.

Psychiatric Vulnerability in Adults with Intellectual Disability and Autism: A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S133-S133
Author(s):  
S. Coli ◽  
D. Scuticchio ◽  
M. Bertelli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Co Morbidity

IntroductionAdults with Intellectual disability (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are more vulnerable to mental health problems than the general population.Objectives/aimsThis study investigates presence and rate of psychiatric disorders in comparison with ID or ASD alone, and appropriateness of assessment and diagnostic procedures or tools.MethodsA systematic mapping of the literature was carried out on the basis of the above mentioned issues. The search was conducted using PubMed and ScienceDirect, according to the following keywords: psychiatric comorbidity, psychiatric disorders, autism, ASD, intellectual disability, mental health problems, adults, assessment tools, diagnosis. Twenty-eight papers were selected for pertinence to mapping issues among more than 500.ResultsMany studies show that ASD is an important vulnerability factor for psychiatric co-morbidity and for challenging behaviors (CBs) in adults with ID. Highest rates were reported for psychotic, mood, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Few studies show that the difference between adults with ID plus ASD and adults with only ID are not statistically significant, but for the presence of CBs in those with ID plus ASD. The disagreement of results is based on a variety of factors such as diagnostic over-shadowing, scarcity of specific assessment tools, consideration of the introspective and communication difficulties, incompleteness of medical records, and low reliability of information sources.ConclusionsAlthough low studies concordance, the literature mapping suggests the presence of ASD in ID to be associated with higher rates of psychopathology. Since the relevant implications for prevention and clinical management, further research with high-level evidence is hoped.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Cross-lagged model of bullying victimization and mental health problems in children with autism in middle to older childhood

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136236132094751
Author(s):  
Geovanna Rodriguez ◽  
Kim Drastal ◽  
Sigan L Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Youth with autism spectrum conditions have been shown to be at an increased risk for bullying victimization. The overall aim of this study was to identify factors associated with increased risk for bullying victimization in youth with autism during middle childhood to early adolescence (aged 5–12 years) and to explore the potential time-ordered associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems 12 months later. The average age of the youth with autism was 7.90 years ( SD = 2.33), 86% were male, 34.6% had an intellectual disability, and 84% were White, non-Hispanic. Youth with autism who experienced bullying victimization (vs no victimization) were older in age, had more severe autism symptoms, and higher levels of internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at study onset. Using two cross-lagged structural equation models, the associations between maternal report of youth bullying victimization and teacher report of youth mental health problems using two waves of data were tested. Internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at Time 1 did not relate to change in likelihood of being bullied 1 year later. In contrast, bullying victimization at Time 1 was associated with an increase in internalizing mental health problems ( β = 0.24, p < 0.05). Lay Abstract Youth with autism spectrum disorders are disproportionately at risk for bullying victimization compared to typically developing children and adolescents. While internalizing and externalizing mental health problems have been linked to victimization experiences, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects bullying victimization experiences may have on youth mental health outcomes. The present study investigated longitudinal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems in a sample of children with autism in middle childhood to early adolescence (aged 5 to 12 years). Findings from our study suggest that youth with autism who experienced bullying victimization (versus no victimization) were older in age, had more severe autism symptoms, and higher levels of internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at study onset. Though externalizing mental health problems at study onset (Time 1) did not relate to change in the likelihood of being bullied one year later (Time 2), experiences of bullying victimization did relate to an increase in parent reports of internalizing mental health problems. This study expanded on previous cross-sectional studies by including two waves of data in a relatively large sample of youth with autism and highlights important information that may be helpful in adapting approaches to intervention at the individual level. Moreover, our findings support the need for bullying programs that may need to focus particular attention to subgroups of youth with autism who may be most at-risk for bullying victimization such as those with more autism symptoms and those with past experiences of victimization (given the chronic nature of bullying).

scholarly journals Prevalence of impairing behavioral health problems in ED patients and association with ED utilization.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setarah Mohammad Nader ◽  
Paul Musey Jr., MD, MS, FACEP
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Background and Hypothesis: It has been observed that patients with poor mental health are relatively frequent users of the Emergency Departments (ED). The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of numerous behavioral health domains (depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance abuse, and suicidality) in patients presenting to the Emergency Department and the association of each of these domains with ED utilization. Experimental Design or Project Methods: This prospective study seeks to enroll a convenience sample of 1000 Englishspeaking adults presenting to IU Health Methodist and Eskenazi Emergency Departments without psychiatric chief-complaints. Patients were assessed for behavioral health problems using the CAT-MHTM, PHQ-8 and GAD-7 screening tools, which were administered via tablet device. Additionally, data on disposition medical history, discharge diagnoses, and ED utilization in the 12 months before and after enrollment from electronic medical records and data from the Indiana Network for Patient Care (INPC) will be reviewed. Results: Over the course of five weeks, 375 patients have been enrolled. Of those 59.4% were female with an overall mean age of 46.1 (SD ± 16.4); 52.9% were white and 39.8% black/African American. Among enrollees 42.2% screened positive for depression, 29.7% for anxiety, and 1.3% for suicidal ideation. Patients who screened positive for depression were predominately females (76.1% vs 23.9%), those who screened positive for anxiety were also predominately females (71.6% vs. 28.4%). However, 3 out of the 5 (60%) patients that screened positive for suicidal ideation were males. The preliminary analysis of GAD-7 showed of those enrolled 215 (57.5%) had no anxiety, 157 (42%) had mild-severe anxiety. PHQ-8 scores showed 194 (51.9%) had no depression, 178 (47.5%) had mild-severe depression. Similarly, CAT-MH results showed 216 (57.8%) had no depression, 158 (42.2%) had mild-severe depression, while 263 (70.3%) had no anxiety and 111 (29.7%) had mild-severe anxiety. Full data analysis including comparative analysis of the CAT-MH with PHQ-8 and GAD-7 scores will take place after 1000 patients have been enrolled and data has been received from the INPC. Conclusion and Potential Impact: In our sample, almost half of patients that visit the ED have screened positive for mental health problems. We believe that early identification and appropriate referral may reduce inappropriate ED utilization.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Mental Health Problems Among Prisoners

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McCarthy ◽  
L.I.S.A. Underwood ◽  
H. Hayward ◽  
E. Chaplin ◽  
A. Forrester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

scholarly journals Using the CES-D-7 as a Screening Instrument to Detect Major Depression among the Inmate Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
Joel Juarros-Basterretxea ◽  
Paula Escoda-Menéndez ◽  
Manuel Vilariño ◽  
Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Juan Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Inmate Population ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Male Inmates

Major depression is one of the most prevalent mental health problems in the penitentiary context and has been related to different undesirable outcomes. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the utility of screening tools for major depression brief assessment in the jail context. We interviewed 203 male inmates and complimented the MCMI-III, the SCL-90-R, and the CES-D-7 self-informed scales. Major depression syndrome and disorder were determined based on MCMI-III criteria and the capability of SCL-90-R and CES-D-7 to identify true positives and true negatives when tested. SCL-90-R and CES-D-7 showed good sensitivity for major depression syndrome and disorder. The specificity of SCL-90-R was poor in all cases, but CES-D-7 showed good specificity depending on the cut-off score. Rigorous interviews are needed for better evaluation of major depression in jails, but screening tools like CES-D-7 are useful for rapid assessment considering the work overload of penitentiary psychologists.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Social Communication Behaviors in Young Children With Autism Affects Maternal Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Laister ◽  
Giacomo Vivanti ◽  
Peter B. Marschik ◽  
Johannes Fellinger ◽  
Daniel Holzinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Children With Asd

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties in social communication behaviors, emotion regulation and daily living skills, and they frequently present with challenging behaviors. In parents of children with ASD, higher rates of stress and mental health problems have been reported than in parents of either typically developing children or children with other conditions. In this study, we tested whether maternal well-being changes with improved social communicative behaviors of children with ASD receiving early intervention. We examined developmental changes in 72 pre-schoolers and stress levels in their mothers (measured by the Parental Stress Inventory) before and after a 12-month community-based intervention program based on the Early Start Denver Model, a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention targeting social communication. Multiple regression analyses showed that maternal child-related stress was predicted by changes in children's social communication behaviors (measured with the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory). Gains in the early social communication behavior domain were the strongest predictor of post-intervention child-related maternal stress, surpassing adaptive behavior, language and non-verbal cognitive gains, and reduction in challenging behavior. These findings support the hypothesis that, in children with ASD, the acquisition of social communication behaviors contribute to improvements in maternal well-being.

scholarly journals Gambling-Like Day Trading During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Need for Research on a Pandemic-Related Risk of Indebtedness and Mental Health Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Håkansson ◽  
Fernando Fernández-Aranda ◽  
Susana Jiménez-Murcia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Day Trading

Stock exchange trading increasingly has been highlighted as a possible cause of gambling disorder, typically in rapid and excessive “day trading” which may cause over-indebtedness and mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has been suspected to increase online gambling and gambling problems. In a number of recent media reports, day trading has been reported to increase during COVID-19, possibly in relation to changes in everyday life, financial problems and job insecurity during the pandemic. Increasing day trading has thereby been suspected to cause addictive behavior, financial difficulties, and poor mental health. However, there is hitherto a lack of research in the area. The present paper addresses the potential for day trading to cause problem gambling, debts and mental health problems, and calls for research and clinical guidelines in problem gambling related to stock market behavior as a problematic gambling behavior. Screening tools, awareness among clinicians, and longitudinal research studies may be warranted, both during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

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