scholarly journals Impact of Monetary Policy Uncertainty on R&D Investment Smoothing Behavior of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Enterprises: Empirical Research Based on a Threshold Regression Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11560
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Yang ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Ziyuan Sun ◽  
Fangming Zhu ◽  
Yihui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Financing Constraints ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Enterprises

R&D investment is the source of technological innovation of pharmaceutical enterprises, but it will be restricted by the funding level, especially in the context of major public health emergencies occurring more frequently, therefore exploring the impact of monetary policy uncertainty on the R&D investment smoothing behavior of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises has important theoretical and practical value. Based on the relevant data of Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises from 2012 to 2018, this paper studies the impact of monetary policy uncertainty on R&D investment smoothing behavior of pharmaceutical enterprises, and investigates whether there is a threshold effect. First, our results demonstrate that the empirical test results of this article support the hypothesis of R&D investment smoothing behavior of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. Second, there is a negative correlation between monetary policy uncertainty and R&D investment smoothing behavior, and the shorter the period is, the higher the financing constraints of pharmaceutical enterprises are, and the more obvious the negative correlation is. Third, financing constraints have a single threshold effect on the R&D investment smoothing behavior of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, with a threshold of −13.7693. Moreover, this conclusion can better promote the virtuous circle of the real economy of financial and pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. It is recommended that pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises establish and improve the enterprise R&D reserve system, reduce the risk of R&D investment, play the role of R&D smoothing, and realize the sustainable development of enterprise R&D.

scholarly journals Impact of Monetary Policy Uncertainty and Fiscal Policy Uncertainty on CO2 Emissions in the Us

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Anser ◽  
Qasim Syed ◽  
Noreen Khalid ◽  
Jamshid Ali Turi ◽  
Juned Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nowadays, environmental degradation is perceived as one of the serious concerns across the globe. One of the prime reasons behind environmental degradation is CO2 emissions. Therefore, researchers are actively putting their efforts to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions to mitigate CO2 emissions. On this basis, the present study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the impact of monetary policy uncertainty (MPU) and fiscal policy uncertainty (FPU) on CO2 emissions (environmental degradation). The current study employs ARDL methodology and uses annual data ranging from 1985 to 2019 for US. The results from the ARDL model report that there is an existence of long-run relationship among the variables. Moreover, MPU escalates the carbon emissions in both short-run and long-run. This implies that increase in MPU is responsible for rise in environmental degradation. On the contrary, FPU plunges the carbon emissions in both short- and long-run. This indicates that increase in FPU decreases the environmental degradation. Findings from the current study propose that policy makers should introduce reforms and launch policies to shrink MPU. Next, this study proposes that rule should be adopted as monetary policy making framework in lieu of discretion. Furthermore, the current study recommends that FPU should not be utilized as a tool to mitigate environmental degradation, because FPU has severe economic impacts.

scholarly journals Preventing crash in stock market: The role of economic policy uncertainty during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Fei Dai ◽  
Xiong Xiong ◽  
Zhifeng Liu ◽  
Toan Luu Duc Huynh ◽  
Jianjun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Stock Market Crash ◽  
Economic Policy Uncertainty ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the crash risk of US stock market during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we use the GARCH-S (GARCH with skewness) model to estimate daily skewness as a proxy for the stock market crash risk. The empirical results show the significantly negative correlation between EPU and stock market crash risk, indicating the aggravation of EPU increase the crash risk. Moreover, the negative correlation gets stronger after the global COVID-19 outbreak, which shows the crash risk of the US stock market will be more affected by EPU during the epidemic.

scholarly journals Green Taxation Promotes the Intelligent Transformation of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises: Tax Leverage Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13321
Author(s):  
Longzhen Yu ◽  
Jianhua Zhu ◽  
Zhixian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Green Taxes ◽  
Intelligent Products ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

A key issue that concerns governments is how to formulate optimal technology subsidies and green tax standards to promote the intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises. In this work, the Pollutant Emission Indicator Trading Mechanism (PEITM) is proposed, and green taxes are divided into Tax of Pollutant Emissions (TPE) and the Tax of Excess Pollutant Emissions (TEPE). On this basis, we study the impact of green taxes and technology subsidies on the intelligent transformation of enterprises in different manufacturing environments from the government’s perspective and provide the optimal government subsidy scheme under different green tax policies. Although it seems counter-intuitive, enterprises’ usual responses to increases in TPE and TEPE are non-monotonic. Moreover, we find a threshold effect for the government’s green taxation. Blindly increasing or reducing taxes may not promote intelligent transformation, but instead force enterprises towards negative choices. Lastly, an effective measure for the government to promote the intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises is proposed: by properly adjusting TPE and TEPE, governments can produce more cost-effective intelligent products than ordinary ones. Consequently, intelligent products will sell better than ordinary products, and manufacturing enterprises will be able to consciously carry out intelligent transformation to remain viable.

scholarly journals FINANCING DEVELOPMENT, FINANCING CONSTRAINT AND R&D INVESTMENT OF STRATEGIC EMERGING INDUSTRIES IN CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010-1034
Author(s):  
Ke Xu ◽  
Chengxuan Geng ◽  
Xiaoshu Wei ◽  
Huifeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Financing Constraints ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Financial Intermediary ◽  
Emerging Industries ◽  
Financing Constraint ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Investment

Taking listed companies of strategic emerging industries as the research subject, this paper uses KZ index to measure the degrees of financing constraints and financial intermediary as well as the stock market to represent the level of financial development. Then empirical models are constructed to analyse whether financial development can alleviate the financing constraints of R&D investment or not. Finally, the paper further investigates the interaction of financial development and firm characteristics (including firm size, ownership nature and establishment time) on the impact of R&D investment. The results show that the degree of financing constraint is negatively correlated with R&D investment. Both the development of financial intermediary and stock market play an important role in alleviating the R&D financing constraints, and the development of the stock market can better alleviate the R&D financing constraint. Moreover, the development of financial intermediary and stock market plays a heterogeneous role among enterprises of different size, nature and time of establishment. In order to achieve the 13th Five-year Plan target of strategic emerging industries in China, the government and enterprises need to work together to improve the financial development level and reduce information asymmetry, so as to expand the investment channels of R&D investment and improve their innovation capability and competitiveness.

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