Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Landfilling: In View of the Situation in Karachi, Pakistan

Open disposal is the most common technique used for municipal solid waste (MSW) management due to the absence of sanitary landfills in Pakistan. The major cities and small towns in Pakistan have become a showcase of negligence and mismanagement of MSW, which results in deterioration of the environmental and social-life quality. Moreover, research has proved that inefficient handling (disposal) of MSW results in uncontrolled emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly methane, and adds a significant share in global climate change. This study aims to estimate methane emissions from MSW disposed of at dumpsites and compare the GHG mitigation potential of different landfill strategies in specific climate and waste compositions in Karachi. The GHG estimations are based on lab-scale investigations conducted by simulating landfill conditions through the landfill simulation reactor (LSR) experiment. The synthetic MSW sample representing the composition of MSW generated in Karachi was used in the LSR experiment. Environmental sustainability and GHG mitigation potential of different landfilling strategies was evaluated by analyzing gas formation potential (GP21) and respiration activity (RI4) at the end of the experiment. This study revealed that the quantity of solid waste annually disposed of at dumpsites in Karachi possesses the potential to release about 3.9 Mt CO2-eq. methane (with specific methane potential of 1.8 tCO2-eq./tonne DM disposed) due to the biological decomposition of the organic fraction. Results show that the fresh waste disposed of at landfill sites in Karachi possesses about 92% and 94% higher GP21 and RI4, respectively, than the German allocated criteria for mechanically and biologically treated (MBT) waste for landfills Furthermore, sanitary landfills with post-aeration conditions showed higher GHG mitigation potential and low biological activity in the waste. The second highest GHG mitigation potential and lowest biological activity of the waste was noticed from bioreactor landfills with post-aeration conditions. The third number in GHG mitigation and reduced waste activity was noticed in the waste sampled from bioreactors without aftercare approach. The least GHG mitigation potential was noticed from the uncontrolled waste dumping (existing) approach with high residual gas potential and respiration index level. This lab-scale landfill simulation study can provide baseline data for further research and planning the development of new sustainable landfills in Karachi, Pakistan and in the region.

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Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management for Better-Quality Public Health and Environmental Sustainability in the Freetown Metropolitan City in Sierra Leone

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection ◽

10.4236/gep.2021.94004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 33-49

Author(s):

Tamba Komba

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Metropolitan City

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Pinch analysis of GHG mitigation strategies for municipal solid waste management: A case study on Qingdao City

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 933-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Xiaoping Jia ◽

Siqi Wang ◽

Zhiwei Li ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Raymond R. Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Pinch Analysis ◽

Ghg Mitigation ◽

Qingdao City

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Good Practices and Actions for Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Tourist Sector

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources7030051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ramona Giurea ◽

Ilaria Precazzini ◽

Marco Ragazzi ◽

Moise Achim ◽

Lucian-Ionel Cioca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Sustainable Consumption ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Good Practices ◽

Tourism Sector

This paper deals with waste management in the tourism sector, specifically in the agro-tourism structures. Two regions of Romania and Italy have been considered as case studies in order to promote good practices and actions for sustainable municipal solid waste management. Specific criteria to adopt for the sustainable consumption of beverages and food and for the sustainable use of packaging of various types have been analyzed and suggested. The adoption of an indicator at the level of the single tourist structure has been proposed to help self-analysis that is aimed at setting the priorities of intervention for improving its environmental sustainability.

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A STUDY ON ENERGY PRODUCTION AND GHG MITIGATION POTENTIAL FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE OF EDİRNE

Mugla Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.22531/muglajsci.447895 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 182-190

Author(s):

Betül Özer

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Energy Production ◽

Ghg Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Potential

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Selecting the Best Municipal Solid Waste Management Techniques in Nigeria Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Techniques

Reports in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.31181/rme2001021801b ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 180-189

Author(s):

L. J. Muhammad ◽

◽

Ibrahim Badi ◽

Ahmed Abba Haruna ◽

I.A. Mohammed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Cost Criterion ◽

Sanitary Landfills ◽

The Cost ◽

Treatment Alternatives

While developed countries use a variety of methods to convert municipal solid waste into various products such as energy, fertilizer, heat, and others, developing countries continue to struggle with municipal solid waste. Because of the various criteria to be considered, assessing these methods and determining which ones are best suited to the conditions of each country is a complicated task. The hybrid GREY-EDAS model was utilized in this study to evaluate waste treatment alternatives in Nigeria. The study employed seven distinct criteria relating to the environment, society, and cost, with the cost criterion being the most relevant. Subsequently, four waste treatment methods were evaluated: incineration, composting, sanitary landfills, and anerobic digestion. As a result, composting is proven to be the most effective. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by varying the weight of the criterion in seven distinct scenarios, and the model produced consistent findings.

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Application of the absolute environmental sustainability assessment framework to multifunctional systems – The case of municipal solid waste management

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 322 ◽

pp. 129034

Author(s):

Jérémy Rodrigues ◽

Natacha Gondran ◽

Adrien Beziat ◽

Valérie Laforest

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Sustainability Assessment ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Assessment Framework ◽

The Absolute

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Sustainable multi-trip periodic redesign-routing model for municipal solid waste collection network: The case study of Tehran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-256948/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Mahdavi ◽

Saeed Mansour ◽

Mohsen Sheikh Sajadieh

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Social Life ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Social Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Transfer Stations

Abstract Daily transportation of vehicles is one of the most important challenges in municipal solid waste management systems in developing countries related to environmental aspects in different areas, financial issues, and social factors. The location of transfer stations as intermediate nodes in municipal solid waste management network affects optimal collection frequency. Here a sustainable multi-period and multi-trip mixed-integer linear programming model was developed to redesign the intermediate transfer stations and find optimal routes for vehicles and the best collection frequency for each municipal solid waste generation point. Regarding the social aspect of sustainability, an extended social life cycle assessment methodology is developed for impact assessment of redesign and routing operations. The model is applied to a real-world case study with no cooperative perspective, which could result in total cost reduction by a 66% that occurred by a 86% reduction in weekly traveled distance and a 12% decrease in routing social score.

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