Recent Advancement in Atypical Lipomatous Tumor Research

After Evans and colleagues identified the lipomatous tumor with a well-differentiated liposarcoma in a subcutaneous location or within a muscle layer, namely, atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT), this malignancy has been investigated to clarify the characteristics of clinical behavior and genomic changes. As one of the important issues for clinicians, it is a hot topic of how to distinguish ALT from benign lipoma in the clinical aspect. Recent studies revealed novel findings to clarify the risk factor for the diagnosis of ALT and molecular targets for the treatment of ALT. Clinical characteristics of superficial-type ALT well reflect the subcutaneous location of the tumor and are slightly different compared to deep-type ALT, such as tumor size. In addition, there has been a recent discovery of novel findings in ALT-related genes, namely, HMG2A (high mobility group protein 2a), YEATS4 (YEATS domain containing 4), and CPM (Carboxypeptidase M). Recent updates on treatment for advanced ALT are well developed including immunotherapy and conducting clinical trials. Finally, this review introduces one of the hot topics of ALT research focused on epigenetic changes: their attention in recent updates on clinical characteristics and the novel discovery of related genes, treatment, and epigenetic modifications in atypical lipomatous tumors.

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A Retrospective Study of Superficial Type Atypical Lipomatous Tumor

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2020.609515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Emi Mashima ◽

Yu Sawada ◽

Natsuko Saito-Sasaki ◽

Kayo Yamamoto ◽

Shun Ohmori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Resection ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Tumor Location ◽

Atypical Lipomatous Tumor ◽

Lipomatous Tumor ◽

Physical Examinations ◽

Superficial Type ◽

Well Differentiated

Atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT) has been defined as a well-differentiated liposarcoma exhibiting a higher frequency of a local recurrence after surgical resection. ALT is mainly classified into deep type and superficial type. Compared with deep type ALT, superficial type ALT is rarely observed. One of the most important issues is that little has been known about superficial type ALT and it is not easy to predict the presence of superficial type ALT before surgical resection. To clarify the clinical manifestations of superficial type ALT, we examined 15 cases with superficial type ALT and 118 cases with benign lipoma, and analyzed their differences in clinical characteristics and the findings of MRI test. In clinical characteristics, the tumor size of superficial type ALT was significantly greater than that of benign lipoma, and superficial type ALT showed a significantly higher frequency of the tumor size of more than 4 cm. Superficial type ALT exhibited poor tumor mobility and hardness with elastic soft. In addition, a significantly higher frequency of tumor location of superficial type ALT was observed in extremities. Among tumor sites at the trunk, buttocks, and shoulder were high frequent location in superficial type ALT. In an MRI examination, superficial type ALT exhibited a significantly higher frequency of the septal structures compared with benign lipoma. The combinations of clinical characteristics, including physical examinations, MRI, and histological examinations, are helpful for the diagnosis of superficial type ALT.

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High Mobility Group Protein HMG-R

10.32388/nb6yys ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

High Mobility ◽

High Mobility Group ◽

High Mobility Group Protein ◽

Group Protein

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Actively transcribed rRNA genes in S. cerevisiae are organized in a specialized chromatin associated with the high-mobility group protein Hmo1 and are largely devoid of histone molecules.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1144960.602064 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Jim Maher

Keyword(s):

High Mobility ◽

High Mobility Group ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

High Mobility Group Protein ◽

Group Protein

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HMGA1 Is a Potential Driver of Preeclampsia Pathogenesis by Interference with Extravillous Trophoblasts Invasion

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11060822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 822

Author(s):

Keiichi Matsubara ◽

Yuko Matsubara ◽

Yuka Uchikura ◽

Katsuko Takagi ◽

Akiko Yano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein A ◽

High Mobility ◽

Extravillous Trophoblast ◽

High Mobility Group Protein ◽

Successful Pregnancy ◽

Group Protein ◽

Serious Disease ◽

Proliferation And Invasion ◽

Extravillous Trophoblasts ◽

Fertilized Egg

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious disease that can be fatal for the mother and fetus. The two-stage theory has been proposed as its cause, with the first stage comprising poor placentation associated with the failure of fertilized egg implantation. Successful implantation and placentation require maternal immunotolerance of the fertilized egg as a semi-allograft and appropriate extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion of the decidua and myometrium. The disturbance of EVT invasion during implantation in PE results in impaired spiral artery remodeling. PE is thought to be caused by hypoxia during remodeling failure–derived poor placentation, which results in chronic inflammation. High-mobility group protein A (HMGA) is involved in the growth and invasion of cancer cells and likely in the growth and invasion of trophoblasts. Its mechanism of action is associated with immunotolerance. Thus, HMGA is thought to play a pivotal role in successful pregnancy, and its dysfunction may be related to the pathogenesis of PE. The evaluation of HMGA function and its changes in PE might confirm that it is a reliable biomarker of PE and provide prospects for PE treatment through the induction of EVT proliferation and invasion during the implantation.

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