scholarly journals Advances in Regeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Optic Nerves

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4616
Author(s):  
Fa Yuan ◽  
Mingwei Wang ◽  
Kangxin Jin ◽  
Mengqing Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Somatic Cell Reprogramming ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder due to the dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). RGCs function as the only output neurons conveying the detected light information from the retina to the brain, which is a bottleneck of vision formation. RGCs in mammals cannot regenerate if injured, and RGC subtypes differ dramatically in their ability to survive and regenerate after injury. Recently, novel RGC subtypes and markers have been uncovered in succession. Meanwhile, apart from great advances in RGC axon regeneration, some degree of experimental RGC regeneration has been achieved by the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells or in vivo somatic cell reprogramming, which provides insights into the future therapy of myriad neurodegenerative disorders. Further approaches to the combination of different factors will be necessary to develop efficacious future therapeutic strategies to promote ultimate axon and RGC regeneration and functional vision recovery following injury.

scholarly journals Dual SMAD inhibition and Wnt inhibition enable efficient and reproducible differentiations of induced pluripotent stem cells into retinal ganglion cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata R. M. Chavali ◽  
Naqi Haider ◽  
Sonika Rathi ◽  
Vrathasha Vrathasha ◽  
Teja Alapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

AbstractGlaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies that share common biological and clinical characteristics including irreversible changes to the optic nerve and visual field loss caused by death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The loss of RGCs manifests as characteristic cupping or optic nerve degeneration, resulting in visual field loss in patients with Glaucoma. Published studies on in vitro RGC differentiation from stem cells utilized classical RGC signaling pathways mimicking retinal development in vivo. Although many strategies allowed for the generation of RGCs, increased variability between experiments and lower yield hampered the cross comparison between individual lines and between experiments. To address this critical need, we developed a reproducible chemically defined in vitro methodology for generating retinal progenitor cell (RPC) populations from iPSCs, that are efficiently directed towards RGC lineage. Using this method, we reproducibly differentiated iPSCs into RGCs with greater than 80% purity, without any genetic modifications. We used small molecules and peptide modulators to inhibit BMP, TGF-β (SMAD), and canonical Wnt pathways that reduced variability between iPSC lines and yielded functional and mature iPSC-RGCs. Using CD90.2 antibody and Magnetic Activated Cell Sorter (MACS) technique, we successfully purified Thy-1 positive RGCs with nearly 95% purity.

Tafluprost protects rat retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo

2009 ◽  
Vol 247 (10) ◽  
pp. 1353-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyasu Kanamori ◽  
Maiko Naka ◽  
Masahide Fukuda ◽  
Makoto Nakamura ◽  
Akira Negi
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

scholarly journals Modeling Glaucoma: Retinal Ganglion Cells Generated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Patients with SIX6 Risk Allele Show Developmental Abnormalities

Stem Cells ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2239-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Teotia ◽  
Matthew J. Van Hook ◽  
Christopher S. Wichman ◽  
R. Rand Allingham ◽  
Michael A. Hauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

miR-223 induces retinal ganglion cells apoptosis and inflammation via decreasing HSP-70 in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 101747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ou-Yang ◽  
Zheng-Li Liu ◽  
Chun-Long Xu ◽  
Jia-Liang Wu ◽  
Jun Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Apoptosis And Inflammation

scholarly journals Brazilian Green Propolis Protects against Retinal Damage In Vitro and In Vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Inokuchi ◽  
Masamitsu Shimazawa ◽  
Yoshimi Nakajima ◽  
Shinsuke Suemori ◽  
Satoshi Mishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Brazilian Green Propolis

Propolis, a honeybee product, has gained popularity as a food and alternative medicine. Its constituents have been shown to exert pharmacological (anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory) effects. We investigated whether Brazilian green propolis exerts neuroprotective effects in the retinain vitroand/orin vivo.In vitro, retinal damage was induced by 24 h hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure, and cell viability was measured by Hoechst 33342 and YO-PRO-1 staining or by a resazurin–reduction assay. Propolis inhibited the neurotoxicity and apoptosis induced in cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5, a rat ganglion cell line transformed using E1A virus) by 24 h H2O2 exposure. Propolis also inhibited the neurotoxicity induced in RGC-5 cultures by staurosporine. Regarding the possible underlying mechanism, in pig retina homogenates propolis protected against oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), as also did trolox (water-soluble vitamin E). In micein vivo, propolis (100 mg kg−1; intraperitoneally administered four times) reduced the retinal damage (decrease in retinal ganglion cells and in thickness of inner plexiform layer) induced by intravitrealin vivo N-methyl-d-aspartate injection. These findings indicate that Brazilian green propolis has neuroprotective effects against retinal damage bothin vitroandin vivo, and that a propolis-induced inhibition of oxidative stress may be partly responsible for these neuroprotective effects.

scholarly journals Enriched retinal ganglion cells derived from human embryonic stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine P. Gill ◽  
Sandy S. C. Hung ◽  
Alexei Sharov ◽  
Camden Y. Lo ◽  
Karina Needham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Retinal Ganglion
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