scholarly journals Role of Peptides in Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8828
Author(s):  
Shashank Pandey ◽  
Gaurav Malviya ◽  
Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Receptor Imaging ◽  
Imaging Diagnostics

The specificity of a diagnostic assay depends upon the purity of the biomolecules used as a probe. To get specific and accurate information of a disease, the use of synthetic peptides in diagnostics have increased in the last few decades, because of their high purity profile and ability to get modified chemically. The discovered peptide probes are used either in imaging diagnostics or in non-imaging diagnostics. In non-imaging diagnostics, techniques such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), lateral flow devices (i.e., point-of-care testing), or microarray or LC-MS/MS are used for direct analysis of biofluids. Among all, peptide-based ELISA is considered to be the most preferred technology platform. Similarly, peptides can also be used as probes for imaging techniques, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The role of radiolabeled peptides, such as somatostatin receptors, interleukin 2 receptor, prostate specific membrane antigen, αβ3 integrin receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide, chemokine receptor 4, and urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, are well established tools for targeted molecular imaging ortumor receptor imaging. Low molecular weight peptides allow a rapid clearance from the blood and result in favorable target-to-non-target ratios. It also displays a good tissue penetration and non-immunogenicity. The only drawback of using peptides is their potential low metabolic stability. In this review article, we have discussed and evaluated the role of peptides in imaging and non-imaging diagnostics. The most popular non-imaging and imaging diagnostic platforms are discussed, categorized, and ranked, as per their scientific contribution on PUBMED. Moreover, the applicability of peptide-based diagnostics in deadly diseases, mainly COVID-19 and cancer, is also discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Recent applications of nuclear medicine in diagnostics: II part

2013 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Giorgio Treglia ◽  
Ernesto Cason ◽  
Giorgio Fagioli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are effective diagnostic imaging tools in several clinical settings. The aim of this article (the second of a 2-part series) is to examine some of the more recent applications of nuclear medicine imaging techniques, particularly in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and infection/inflammation. Discussion: A review of the literature reveals that in the field of neurology nuclear medicine techniques are most widely used to investigate cognitive deficits and dementia (particularly those associated with Alzheimer disease), epilepsy, and movement disorders. In cardiology, SPECT and PET also play important roles in the work-up of patients with coronary artery disease, providing accurate information on the state of the myocardium (perfusion, metabolism, and innervation). White blood cell scintigraphy and FDG-PET are widely used to investigate many infectious/inflammatory processes. In each of these areas, the review discusses the use of recently developed radiopharmaceuticals, the growth of tomographic nuclear medicine techniques, and the ways in which these advances are improving molecular imaging of biologic processes at the cellular level.

A Comparison of ree Chromogranin A Assays in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumours

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Brehm Hoej ◽  
Tina Parkner ◽  
Cindy Soendersoe Knudsen ◽  
Henning Grønbaek
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Disease Free

Background & Aims: Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most important general tumour marker used in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NET). Chromogranin A assays may have different sensitivities, which is of importance for the clinical diagnosis and handling of NET patients. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical sensitivities of three different CgA assays in NET patients.Methods: We measured CgA level in 42 NET patients (male/female: 23/19, median age: 63 years, range 29- 85 years). Twenty-five patients had liver metastases, eight had local disease, and nine were disease free after surgery. We studied an in-house RIA: RH RIA assay (Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark); NEOLISATM (Euro Diagnostica, Malmö, Sweden) and EURIA CgA RIA (Euro Diagnostica, Malmö, Sweden).Results: The RH RIA assay showed a clinical sensitivity of 97%, while the NEOLISA and EURIA assays both showed similar clinical sensitivities of 79%. Patients with liver metastases had significantly higher CgA levels compared to disease free patients by all three assays (P<0.001), but only the RH RIA assay was able to discriminate between patients with liver metastases and with regional disease (P<0.01).Conclusion: Chromogranin A measurements are significantly assay-dependent and caution should be applied in the interpretation of CgA measurement for assessment of NET status. The in-house RH RIA assay was better at predicting NET status than the NEOLISA and EURIA assays.List of abbreviations: CgA: chromogranin A; EURIA: Eurodiagnostica, radioimmunoassay; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; NEOLISA: Eurodiagnostica, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; NET: neuroendocrine tumour; PET-CT: positron emission tomography; PPI: proton pump inhibitor; RH RIA: Rigshospitalet, radioimmunoassay ; SPECT-CT: single photon emission computed tomography.

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