scholarly journals Recent applications of nuclear medicine in diagnostics: II part

2013 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Giorgio Treglia ◽  
Ernesto Cason ◽  
Giorgio Fagioli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are effective diagnostic imaging tools in several clinical settings. The aim of this article (the second of a 2-part series) is to examine some of the more recent applications of nuclear medicine imaging techniques, particularly in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and infection/inflammation. Discussion: A review of the literature reveals that in the field of neurology nuclear medicine techniques are most widely used to investigate cognitive deficits and dementia (particularly those associated with Alzheimer disease), epilepsy, and movement disorders. In cardiology, SPECT and PET also play important roles in the work-up of patients with coronary artery disease, providing accurate information on the state of the myocardium (perfusion, metabolism, and innervation). White blood cell scintigraphy and FDG-PET are widely used to investigate many infectious/inflammatory processes. In each of these areas, the review discusses the use of recently developed radiopharmaceuticals, the growth of tomographic nuclear medicine techniques, and the ways in which these advances are improving molecular imaging of biologic processes at the cellular level.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING IN NEUROLOGY, NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Granov ◽  
L. A. Tyutin ◽  
A. A. Stanzhevskii
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Analysis of use of nuclear medicine imaging (positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography) in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and evaluation of treatment efficacy of central nervous system diseases is presented in this review. The possibility of radionuclide imaging techniques in different variants of dementia, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors is demonstrated on the basis of personal authors experience and recent literature data. Results of PET application in evaluating of the effecacy of stereotactic interventions in patients with anxiety obsessive disorders are also described in the review. 

scholarly journals Nuclear medicine imaging technique in the erectile dysfunction evaluation: a mini-review

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (spe) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Godinho Ribeiro ◽  
Regina Moura ◽  
Rosane de Figueiredo Neves ◽  
Jean Pierre Spinosa ◽  
Mario Bernardo-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

Functional imaging with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography is capable of visualizing subtle changes in physiological function in vivo. Erectile dysfunction(ED) diminishes quality of life for affected men and their partners. Identification of neural substrates may provide information regarding the pathophysiology of types of sexual dysfunction originating in the brain. The aim of this work is to verify the approaches of the nuclear medicine techniques in the evaluation of the erectile function/disfunction. A search using the words ED and nuclear medicine, ED and scintigraphy, ED and spect and ED and pet was done in the PubMed. The number of citations in each subject was determined. Neuroimaging techniques offer insight into brain regions involved in sexual arousal and inhibition. To tackle problems such as hyposexual disorders or ED caused by brain disorders, it is crucial to understand how the human brain controls sexual arousal and penile erection.

Basic principles and technological state of the art: hybrid imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny R. Buechel ◽  
Aju P. Pazhenkottil
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion Studies

The core principle of hybrid imaging is based on the fact that it provides information beyond that achievable with either data set alone. This is attained through the combination and fusion of two datasets by which both modalities synergistically contribute to image information. Hybrid imaging is, thus, more powerful than the sum of its parts, yielding improved sensitivity and specificity. While datasets for integration may be obtained by a variety of imaging modalities, its merits are intuitively best exploited when combining anatomical and functional imaging, particularly in the setting of evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) as this combination allows a comprehensive assessment with regard to presence or absence of coronary atherosclerosis, the extent and severity of coronary plaques, and the haemodynamic relevance of stenosis. In clinical practice, the combination of CT coronary angiography (CCTA) with myocardial perfusion studies obtained by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and by positron emission tomography (PET) has been well established. Recent literature also reports on the feasibility of combining CCTA with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, recent advances in CCTA and SPECT imaging have led to a substantial reduction of radiation exposure, now allowing for comprehensive morphological and functional diagnostic work-up by cardiac hybrid SPECT/CCTA imaging at low radiation dose exposures ranging below 5 mSv.

THE MATHEMATICS OF THE IMAGING TECHNIQUES OF MEG, CT, PET AND SPECT

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1671-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. FOKAS ◽  
V. MARINAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

The imaging techniques of magnetoencephalography (MEG), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are reviewed, and the analytical solutions of the relevant inverse problems are presented. The numerical implementation of the exact formulas yield accurate reconstructions for both realistic phantoms as well as real data.

scholarly journals Advanced imaging improves the diagnosis of infective endocarditis

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Harding ◽  
Bernard Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiac Device ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
One Year

Infective endocarditis is a heterogeneous condition whose incidence is rising. Despite advances in surgery and diagnostic methods, one-year mortality has not changed and it remains at 30%. Patients with prosthetic valve and intra-cardiac device–related endocarditis are being seen more frequently and this condition is difficult to diagnose with conventional microbiological and imaging techniques. The modified Duke criteria lack sensitivity in this group and should be supplemented with newer imaging techniques, including 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In this article, we discuss these techniques and their role in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.

scholarly journals New Radionuclides and Technological Advances in SPECT and PET Scanners

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6183
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. van der Meulen ◽  
Klaus Strobel ◽  
Thiago Viana Miranda Lima
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rubidium 82

Developments throughout the history of nuclear medicine have involved improvements in both instrumentation and radionuclides, which have been intertwined. Instrumentation developments always occurred during the search to improving devices’ sensitivity and included advances in detector technology (with the introduction of cadmium zinc telluride and digital Positron Emission Tomography—PET-devices with silicon photomultipliers), design (total body PET) and configuration (ring-shaped, Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Compton camera). In the field of radionuclide development, we observed the continual changing of clinically used radionuclides, which is sometimes influenced by instrumentation technology but also driven by availability, patient safety and clinical questions. Some areas, such as tumour imaging, have faced challenges when changing radionuclides based on availability, when this produced undesirable clinical findings with the introduction of unclear focal uptakes and unspecific uptakes. On the other end of spectrum, further developments of PET technology have seen a resurgence in its use in nuclear cardiology, with rubidium-82 from strontium-82/rubidium-82 generators being the radionuclide of choice, moving away from SPECT nuclides thallium-201 and technetium-99m. These continuing improvements in both instrumentation and radionuclide development have helped the growth of nuclear medicine and its importance in the ever-evolving range of patient care options.

Nuclear cardiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Aju P. Pazhenkottil ◽  
Ronny R. Buechel
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Pet Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Nuclear imaging was first introduced with the development of scintillator cameras by Hal Anger in the early 1960s. Hence, nuclear imaging is one of the oldest non-invasive imaging techniques in cardiology, beside echocardiography. Over the last few decades, nuclear imaging has seen tremendous advances and has generated great interest as a non-invasive method to assess a variety of medical conditions. Aside from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) for patients with oncological disease, the growth of nuclear medicine in recent years has been mainly driven by the increasing use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and PET myocardial perfusion imaging studies in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. While SPECT as a non-invasive method is widely available, PET has superior spatial and temporal resolution, allowing quantification of radiotracer uptake and thereby contributing important insights into the pathophysiological regulation of myocardial blood flow and cardiac metabolism.

Dilated cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 661-680
Author(s):  
Upasana Tayal ◽  
Sanjay Prasad ◽  
Tjeerd Germans ◽  
Albert C. van Rossum
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by enlargement of the heart with associated reduced left ventricular function. From an imaging perspective, important requirements are to exclude other pathologies, assess disease severity, guide therapeutic management, and identify complications. Establishing the imaging diagnosis of DCM is key to guiding the management of DCM. In this chapter we discuss how to use imaging to make an accurate diagnosis of DCM, and review how to exclude coronary artery disease (CAD) and valvular disease as these are two important differentials with differing management strategies. We then review the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and nuclear techniques including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) in DCM, with a focus on where imaging can identify particular causes of DCM.

Advanced Neuroimaging for Modern Epilepsy Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Doris D Wang ◽  
Carlos Santos-Sanchez ◽  
Paul A Garcia ◽  
Edward F Chang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neurological Morbidity ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Localising the onset of seizures to guide epilepsy surgery can be notoriously difficult. Modern neuroimaging has revolutionised the field by improving the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. In order to ameliorate seizures without causing new neurological morbidity, many imaging tools have been developed to guide safe and effective resective surgery. In this article, we discuss recent advances in structural imaging using ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging, metabolic functional imaging techniques of positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography and electrophysiological imaging using magnetoencephalography. Our goal is to provide an overview of these state-of-the-art imaging modalities, their role in guiding surgery, and how they are incorporated into the pre-surgical evaluation of epilepsy.

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