scholarly journals Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12165
Author(s):  
Kosmas Margaritis ◽  
Georgia Margioula-Siarkou ◽  
Styliani Giza ◽  
Eleni P. Kotanidou ◽  
Vasiliki Regina Tsinopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Micro Rnas

Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most well-defined and complex metabolic disorders, characterized by hyperglycemia, with a constantly increasing incidence in children and adolescents. While current knowledge regarding the molecules related to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of T1DM is vast, the discovery of new molecules, such as micro ribonucleic acids (micro-RNAs, miRNAs), as well as their interactions with T1DM, has spurred novel prospects in the diagnosis of the disease. This review aims at summarizing current knowledge regarding miRNAs’ biosynthesis and action pathways and their role as gene expression regulators in T1DM. MiRNAs follow a complex biosynthesis pathway, including cleaving and transport from nucleus to cytoplasm. After assembly of their final form, they inhibit translation or cause messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, resulting in the obstruction of protein synthesis. Many studies have reported miRNA involvement in T1DM pathogenesis, mainly through interference with pancreatic b-cell function, insulin production and secretion. They are also found to contribute to β-cell destruction, as they aid in the production of autoreactive agents. Due to their elevated accumulation in various biological specimens, as well as their involvement in T1DM pathogenesis, their role as biomarkers in early preclinical T1DM diagnosis is widely hypothesized, with future studies concerning their diagnostic value deemed a necessity.

scholarly journals Immunological predictors of type 1 diabetes mellitus (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
K. G. Korneva ◽  
L. G. Strongin ◽  
V. E. Zagainov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Disease

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency due β-cell destruction and following hyperglycaemia. Specific markers of T1DM are pancreatic islet-targeting autoantibodies that are found months to years before symptom onset, and can be used to identify individuals who are at risk of developing T1DM.Aim: The study is aimed at the review of current knowledge of diabetes-related autoantibodies as biomarkers of T1DM.Materials and methods: Foreign and national clinical studies on this topic were included. PubMed, Medline and ­eLibrary were searched.Results: Modern ideas about known diabetes-specific autoantibodies as markers of autoimmune inflammation of β-cells of the pancreas were discussed. The analysis of their independent diagnostic value in predicting the occurrence of T1DM were carried out.Conclusion: There is no unified concept in the literature on this issue. Current data on autoantibodies in T1DM show a ­significant individual variability in the timing, dynamic changes and autoantibody composition in T1DM progression.

scholarly journals Factors determining insulin requirements in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Achong ◽  
Harold David McIntyre ◽  
Leonie Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Insulin Requirements ◽  
In Pregnancy

Most women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have increased insulin requirements during pregnancy. However, a minority of women have a fall in insulin requirements. When this occurs in late gestation, it often provokes concern regarding possible compromise of the feto-placental unit. In some centres, this is considered as an indication for delivery, including premature delivery. There are, however, many other factors that affect insulin requirements in pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the decline in insulin requirements may represent a variant of normal pregnancy. If there is no underlying pathological process, expedited delivery in these women is not warranted and confers increased risks to the newborn. We will explore the factors affecting insulin requirements in gestation in this review. We will also discuss some novel concepts regarding beta-cell function in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Exercise to preserve β-cell function in recent-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (EXTOD) - a randomized controlled pilot trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1521-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Narendran ◽  
N. Jackson ◽  
A. Daley ◽  
D. Thompson ◽  
K. Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Β Cell Function

scholarly journals The effect of multiple injections of cholecystokinin 26-33 on a - and p-cells of islets of Langerhans normal and in experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
M. A. Orlovskii ◽  
Yu. M. Kolesnik ◽  
A. V. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
The Impact

The impact of multiple peripheral (intraperitoneal) and central (intracerebroventricular) administrations of cholecystokinin 26-33 (CCK-8) octapeptide on the function of a- and /3- cells of the islets of Langerhans was studied in investigations made on normal rats and rats with experimental streptosotocine-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus. Insulin in /З-cells and glucagon in а-cells were found by indirect immunofluorescence. Both routes of administration to normal animals were shown to lead to the suppressed secretion of insulin with decreased food intake. At the same time the central administration of CCK-8, unlike the peripheral one, caused a sig­nificant (p < 0.05) rise in the level of glycemia and enhanced glucagon production in а-cells, while the administrations of the peptide to diabetic animals resulted a significant increase in the blood concentration of insulin (p < 0.05), to the lower level of glycemia (p < 0.05) and to suppressed polyphagia (p < 0.01), which is associated with the activation of /З-cell function and with the suppression of the pathologically high activity of а-cells. The established facts suggest that neuroendocrine interactions are impaired in diabetes mellitus and confirm the previously made suggestions that cholecystokinin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

scholarly journals Autoimmune thyroid disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: same pathogenesis; new perspective?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882095832
Author(s):  
Liyan Li ◽  
Shudong Liu ◽  
Junxia Yu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two common autoimmune diseases that can occur concomitantly. In general, patients with diabetes have a high risk of AITD. It has been proposed that a complex genetic basis together with multiple nongenetic factors make a variable contribution to the pathogenesis of T1DM and AITD. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge in the field regarding potential pathogenic factors of T1DM and AITD, including human leukocyte antigen, autoimmune regulator, lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, forkhead box protein P3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen, infection, vitamin D deficiency, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand. These findings offer an insight into future immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.

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