scholarly journals A Three-Pronged Approach to Studying Sublethal Insecticide Doses: Characterising Mosquito Fitness, Mosquito Biting Behaviour, and Human/Environmental Health Risks

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Mara Moreno-Gómez ◽  
Rubén Bueno-Marí ◽  
Miguel. A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Biting Behaviour

Worldwide, pyrethroids are one of the most widely used insecticide classes. In addition to serving as personal protection products, they are also a key line of defence in integrated vector management programmes. Many studies have assessed the effects of sublethal pyrethroid doses on mosquito fitness and behaviour. However, much remains unknown about the biological, physiological, demographic, and behavioural effects on individual mosquitoes or mosquito populations when exposure occurs via spatial treatments. Here, females and males of two laboratory-reared mosquito species, Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus, were exposed to five different treatments: three doses of the pyrethroid prallethrin, as well as an untreated and a negative control. The effects of each treatment on mosquito species, sex, adult mortality, fertility, F1 population size, and biting behaviour were also evaluated. To compare knockdown and mortality among treatments, Mantel–Cox log-rank tests were used. The results showed that sublethal doses reduced mosquito survival, influencing population size in the next generation. They also provided 100% protection to human hosts and presented relatively low risks to human and environmental health. These findings emphasise the need for additional studies that assess the benefits of using sublethal doses as part of mosquito management strategies.

Real or Perceived: The Environmental Health Risks of Urban Sack Gardening in Kibera Slums of Nairobi, Kenya

EcoHealth ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Maloof Gallaher ◽  
Dennis Mwaniki ◽  
Mary Njenga ◽  
Nancy K. Karanja ◽  
Antoinette M. G. A. WinklerPrins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Health Risks

scholarly journals Why Do Countries Regulate Environmental Health Risks Differently? A Theoretical Perspective

Risk Analysis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander C. S. Clahsen ◽  
Irene van Kamp ◽  
Betty C. Hakkert ◽  
Theo G. Vermeire ◽  
Aldert H. Piersma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Environmental Health Risks

Personalizing Pollution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norah MacKendrick
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Health Movement ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
Temporary Solution

This chapter reveals how the environmental health movement came together to call for a broad application of a strong precautionary principle in environmental regulation, and worked hard to lobby for global and domestic policy change. As the movement presented evidence of widespread human exposure to environmental chemicals, it faced the question of how to help people understand how to contend with this exposure. Precautionary consumption was the answer. Organizations circulated a message that gendered environmental health risks in a way that understands women’s bodies as the primary pathway through which contamination enters fetal and infant bodies. Specifically, it is women’s domestic labor that provides a temporary solution to prevent contamination. Thus, this chapter tells the story of how the environmental health movement came to take a personalized and gendered approach, and why the movement is a significant part of the story behind the rise of precautionary consumption.

Environmental health risks

2013 ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Roscoe Taylor ◽  
Charles Guest
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Health Risk

This chapter will help you to understand the environmental health in the rapidly changing context of health protection, the usefulness of having a framework for environmental health risk assessment, and the process of identifying, evaluating, and planning a response to an environmental health threat.

scholarly journals Mosquitoes of Etiological Concern in Kenya and Possible Control Strategies

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Karungu ◽  
Evans Atoni ◽  
Joseph Ogalo ◽  
Caroline Mwaliko ◽  
Bernard Agwanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Invasive Mosquito ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Kenya is among the most affected tropical countries with pathogen transmitting Culicidae vectors. For decades, insect vectors have contributed to the emergence and distribution of viral and parasitic pathogens. Outbreaks and diseases have a great impact on a country’s economy, as resources that would otherwise be used for developmental projects are redirected to curb hospitalization cases and manage outbreaks. Infected invasive mosquito species have been shown to increasingly cross both local and global boarders due to the presence of increased environmental changes, trade, and tourism. In Kenya, there have been several mosquito-borne disease outbreaks such as the recent outbreaks along the coast of Kenya, involving chikungunya and dengue. This certainly calls for the implementation of strategies aimed at strengthening integrated vector management programs. In this review, we look at mosquitoes of public health concern in Kenya, while highlighting the pathogens they have been linked with over the years and across various regions. In addition, the major strategies that have previously been used in mosquito control and what more could be done to reduce or combat the menace caused by these hematophagous vectors are presented.

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