scholarly journals The Influence of Sizing of Wave Energy Converters on the Techno-Economic Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Jian Tan ◽  
Henk Polinder ◽  
Antonio Jarquin Laguna ◽  
Peter Wellens ◽  
Sape A. Miedema
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Domain Modeling ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Converters

Currently, the techno-economic performance of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) is not competitive with other renewable technologies. Size optimization could make a difference. However, the impact of sizing on the techno-economic performance of WECs still remains unclear, especially when sizing of the buoy and Power Take-Off (PTO) are considered collectively. In this paper, an optimization method for the buoy and PTO sizing is proposed for a generic heaving point absorber to reduce the Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE). Frequency domain modeling is used to calculate the power absorption of WECs with different buoy and PTO sizes. Force constraints are used to represent the effects of PTO sizing on the absorbed power, in which the passive and reactive control strategy are considered, respectively. A preliminary economic model is established to calculate the cost of WECs. The proposed method is implemented for three realistic sea sites, and the dependence of the optimal size of WECs on wave resources and control strategies is analyzed. The results show that PTO sizing has a limited effect on the buoy size determination, while it can reduce the LCOE by 24% to 31%. Besides, the higher mean wave power density of wave resources does not necessarily correspond to the larger optimal buoy or PTO sizes, but it contributes to the lower LCOE. In addition, the optimal PTO force limit converges at around 0.4 to 0.5 times the maximum required PTO force for the corresponding sea sites. Compared with other methods, this proposed method shows a better potential in sizing and reducing LCOE.

scholarly journals Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation of Model Predictive Control of a Discrete Fluid Power Power Take-Off System for Wave Energy Converters

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3668
Author(s):  
Anders H. Hansen ◽  
Magnus F. Asmussen ◽  
Michael M. Bech
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Fluid Power ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Energy Converters

Model predictive control based wave power extraction algorithms have been developed and found promising for wave energy converters. Although mostly proven by simulation studies, model predictive control based algorithms have shown to outperform classical wave power extraction algorithms such as linear damping and reactive control. Prediction models and objective functions have, however, often been simplified a lot by for example, excluding power take-off system losses. Furthermore, discrete fluid power forces systems has never been validated experimentally in published research. In this paper a model predictive control based wave power extraction algorithm is designed for a discrete fluid power power take-off system. The loss models included in the objective function are based on physical models of the losses associated with discrete force shifts and throttling. The developed wave power extraction algorithm directly includes the quantized force output and the losses models of the discrete fluid power system. The experimental validation of the wave power extraction algorithm developed in the paper shown an increase of 14.6% in yearly harvested energy when compared to a reactive control algorithm.

scholarly journals Control-Informed Geometric Optimization of Wave Energy Converters: The Impact of Device Motion and Force Constraints

Energies ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 13672-13687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Garcia-Rosa ◽  
Giorgio Bacelli ◽  
John Ringwood
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Geometric Optimization ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Converters

scholarly journals Balancing Power Output and Structural Fatigue of Wave Energy Converters by Means of Control Strategies

Energies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2246-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferri ◽  
Simon Ambühl ◽  
Boris Fischer ◽  
Jens Kofoed
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Structural Fatigue ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

Optimising Reactive Control in Non-Ideal Efficiency Wave Energy Converters

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Strager ◽  
A. Martin dit Neuville ◽  
P. Fernández López ◽  
G. Giorgio ◽  
T. Mureşan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Point Absorber ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Energy Converters

When analytically optimising the control strategy in wave energy converters which use a point absorber, the efficiency aspect is generally neglected. The results presented in this paper provide an analytical expression for the mean harvested electrical power in non-ideal efficiency situations. These have been derived under the assumptions of monochromatic incoming waves and linear system behaviour. This allows to establish the power factor of a system with non-ideal efficiency. The locus of the optimal reactive control parameters is then studied and an alternative method of representation is developed to model the optimal control parameters. Ultimately we present a simple method of choosing optimal control parameters for any combination of efficiency and wave frequency.

The Fair Evaluation of Wave Energy Converters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tan ◽  
Henk Polinder ◽  
Peter Wellens ◽  
Sape Miedema
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Size Optimization ◽  
Point Absorber ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Converters

Abstract In this paper, a fair evaluation method of WECs (Wave Energy Converters) is established based on frequency domain simulation. In this fair evaluation, size optimization and downsizing of PTO (Power Take-Off) capacity are included to minimize the Cost of Energy for the concerned wave location. Based on this fair evaluation, a techno-economic evaluation of a generic point absorber is conducted for a specific wave location, and two different control strategies of PTO are considered. The results show that this fair evaluation method can contribute to the improvement of techno-economic performance of WECs. Furthermore, a comparison among three different size optimization methods of WECs is performed.

scholarly journals Addendum: Maria-Arenas, A. et al. Control Strategies Applied to Wave Energy Converters: State of the Art. Energies 2019, 12, 3115

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1665
Author(s):  
Aleix Maria-Arenas ◽  
Aitor J. Garrido ◽  
Eugen Rusu ◽  
Izaskun Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

The authors would like to add the following note to Figure 7 of their paper published in Energies [...]

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