scholarly journals Influence of Lab Adapted Natural Diet and Microbiota on Life History and Metabolic Phenotype of Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972
Author(s):  
Andrei Bombin ◽  
Owen Cunneely ◽  
Kira Eickman ◽  
Sergei Bombin ◽  
Abigail Ruesy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota

Symbiotic microbiota can help its host to overcome nutritional challenges, which is consistent with a holobiont theory of evolution. Our project investigated the effects produced by the microbiota community, acquired from the environment and horizontal transfer, on metabolic traits related to obesity. The study applied a novel approach of raising Drosophila melanogaster, from ten wild-derived genetic lines on naturally fermented peaches, preserving genuine microbial conditions. Larvae raised on the natural and standard lab diets were significantly different in every tested phenotype. Frozen peach food provided nutritional conditions similar to the natural ones and preserved key microbial taxa necessary for survival and development. On the peach diet, the presence of parental microbiota increased the weight and development rate. Larvae raised on each tested diet formed microbial communities distinct from each other. The effect that individual microbial taxa produced on the host varied significantly with changing environmental and genetic conditions, occasionally to the degree of opposite correlations.

scholarly journals Influence of the lab adopted natural diet and environmental and parental microbiota on life history and metabolic phenotype of Drosophila melanogaster larvae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Bombin ◽  
Owen Cunneely ◽  
Kira Eickman ◽  
Sergei Bombin ◽  
Abigail Ruesy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Natural Microbiota

AbstractObesity is an increasing worldwide epidemic and contributes to physical and mental health losses. The development of obesity is caused by multiple factors including genotype, hormonal misregulation, psychological stress, and gut microbiota. Our project investigated the effects produced by microbiota community, acquired from the environment and horizontal transfer, on traits related to obesity. The study applied a novel approach of raising Drosophila melanogaster from ten, wild-derived genetic lines (DGRP) on naturally fermented peaches, thereby preserving genuine microbial conditions. Our results indicated that larvae raised on the natural and standard lab diets were significantly different from each other in every tested phenotype. In addition, sterilized larvae raised on the autoclaved peach diet, therefore exposed to natural nutritional stress but lacking natural microbiota community, were associated with adverse phenotypes such as low survival rate, longer developmental time, smaller weight, and elevated triglyceride and glucose levels. Our findings suggested that frozen peach food provided nutritional conditions similar to the natural ones and preserved key microbial taxa necessary for survival and development of Drosophila larvae. The presence of parental microbiota did not produce a significant effect on any of the tested phenotypes when larvae were raised on the lab diet. Contrarily, on the peach diet, the presence of parental microbiota increased the weight and development rate, even if the original peach microbiota were still present. In addition, we found that larvae raised on the peach diet formed a microbial community distinctive from larvae raised on the lab or peach autoclaved diets. The effect that individual microbial taxa produced on the host varied significantly with changing environmental and genetic conditions, occasionally to the degree of opposite correlations.

scholarly journals Gut bacteria mediate nutrient availability in Drosophila diets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle N.A. Lesperance ◽  
Nichole A. Broderick
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Changes ◽  
Food Substrate

SummaryDrosophila melanogaster gut microbes play important roles in host nutritional physiology. However, these associations are often indirect and studies typically are in the context of specialized nutritional conditions, making it difficult to discern how microbiome-mediated impacts translate to physiologically relevant conditions, in the laboratory or nature. Here, we show that on three artificial diets and a natural diet of grapes, D. melanogaster gut bacteria alter protein, carbohydrates, and moisture of the food substrate. In depth analysis on one diet revealed bacteria also increase tryptophan levels. We investigate how nutrient changes impact life history and find that, while alterations to dietary protein and carbohydrates are arguably the most significant consequence of bacterial association, other factors, such as micronutrients, likely contribute to life history traits in a diet-dependent manner. Our work demonstrates that while some bacterial impacts on nutrition occur across experimental diets, others are dictated by unique dietary environments.

scholarly journals Life‐History Consequences of Divergent Selection on Egg Size in Drosophila melanogaster

1999 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Schwarzkopf ◽  
Mark W. Blows ◽  
M. Julian Caley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Divergent Selection

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN DIAPAUSE INCIDENCE, LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS, AND CLIMATIC ADAPTATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Evolution ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Schmidt ◽  
Luciano Matzkin ◽  
Michael Ippolito ◽  
Walter F. Eanes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Climatic Adaptation ◽  
Diapause Incidence

Interactive and Collaborative Virus-Evolutionary CNC Machining Optimization Environment

2015 ◽  
pp. 110-141
Author(s):  
N. A. Fountas ◽  
N. M. Vaxevanidis ◽  
C. I. Stergiou ◽  
R. Benhadj-Djilali
Keyword(s):  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Sculptured Surfaces ◽  
Surface Machining ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Sculptured Surface Machining ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Manufacturing Software ◽  
Machining Strategies ◽  
Machining Optimization

Research on the area of sculptured surface machining optimization is currently directed towards the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques. This chapter aims at presenting a novel approach of optimizing machining strategies applied to manufacture complex part geometries. Towards this direction a new genetic-evolutionary algorithm based on the virus theory of evolution is developed as a hosted module to a commercial and widely known CAM system. The new genetic algorithm automatically evaluates pairs of candidate solutions among machining parameters for roughing and finishing operations so as to optimize their values for obtaining optimum machining programs for sculptured parts in terms of productivity and quality. This is achieved by introducing new directions of manipulating manufacturing software tools through programming and customization. The environment was tested for its efficiency and has been proven capable of providing applicable results for the machining of sculptured surfaces.

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