Fabrication of Graphene Based Durable Intelligent Personal Protective Clothing for Conventional and Non-Conventional Chemical Threats

Conventional or non-conventional chemical threat is gaining huge attention due to its unpredictable and mass destructive effects. Typical military protective suits have drawbacks such as high weight, bulky structure, and unpredictable lifetime. A durable, light, and scalable graphene e-fabric was fabricated from CVD-grown graphene by a simple co-lamination method. The sheet resistance was below 1 kΩ/sq over the wide surface area even after 1000 bending cycles. A graphene triboelectric nanogenerator showed the peak VOC of 68 V and the peak ICC of 14.4 μA and 1 μF capacitor was charged successfully in less than 1 s. A wearable chemical sensor was also fabricated and showed a sensitivity up to 53% for nerve chemical warfare agents (GD). DFT calculations were conducted to unveil the fundamental mechanisms underlying the graphene e-fabric sensor. Additionally, protection against chemical warfare agents was tested, and a design concept of graphene-based intelligent protective clothing has been proposed.

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Detoxification Properties of Guanidinylated Chitosan Against Chemical Warfare Agents and Its Application to Military Protective Clothing

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12071461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Woong Kwon ◽

Euigyung Jeong

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Cotton Fabric ◽

Protective Clothing ◽

Water Solution ◽

Chemical Warfare Agents ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Chemical Warfare Agent ◽

Chemical Warfare ◽

Warfare Agents ◽

First Time

This study investigates the detoxification properties of guanidinylated chitosan against chemical warfare agents and its application to the preparation of military protective clothing. Guanidinylated chitosan was synthesized by chitosan guanidinylation with cyanamide. The detoxification properties of the guanidinylated chitosan were then evaluated using a chemical warfare agent simulant, called diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Cotton fabric was treated with 1 wt.% of guanidinylated chitosan in acetic acid and water solution using the simple and conventional textile treatment method of pad–dry–cure. The detoxification properties of the guanidinylated chitosan-treated cotton fabric were evaluated to investigate the application of guanidinylated chitosan to the preparation of military protective clothing. Subsequently, 71.3% of DFP was hydrolyzed to non-hazardous diisopropylhydrogenphosphate (DHP) in 2 h because of the base organocatalytic activity of 0.02 g guanidinylated chitosan itself. Moreover, 60.1% of DFP was hydrolyzed by the catalytic activity of the guanidinylated chitosan-treated cotton fabric, which contained only 0.0002 g of guanidinylated chitosan. This result shows that the guanidinylated chitosan itself has detoxification properties for hydrolyzing DFP to DHP, and its detoxification properties can be more efficient when applied to cotton fabric because it showed 84.3% of the detoxification properties with only 1 wt.% of guanidinylated chitosan. For the first time, this study shows that guanidinylated chitosan has considerable detoxification properties and can be used as an agent to prepare protective clothing.

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Currently available permeability and breakthrough data characterizing chemical warfare agents and their simulants in civilian protective clothing mater

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/0304-3894(92)87002-w ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 243-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mary Lou Daugherty ◽

Annetta P. Watson ◽

Tuan Vo-Dinh

Keyword(s):

Protective Clothing ◽

Chemical Warfare Agents ◽

Chemical Warfare ◽

Warfare Agents

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Influence of Hydration State on Permeation Testing and Vapor Transport Properties of Protective Clothing Layers

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/155892500900400409 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 155892500900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Phillip W. Gibson ◽

Heidi L. Schreuder-Gibson

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Protective Clothing ◽

Chemical Warfare Agents ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

High Water ◽

Chemical Warfare ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Liquid Form ◽

Vapor Flux ◽

Warfare Agents

Protective clothing systems composed of permselective polymer film laminates are an alternative to standard air-permeable garments based on activated carbon. These polymer layers are designed with high water vapor permeation rates and low permeation of chemical warfare agents. Polymer films that have a significant water vapor flux usually also have an affinity for water, and will hydrate and swell significantly at high humidity levels. The polymer film's increase in water content has the potential to affect the transport rate of chemical warfare agents in vapor and liquid form, and usually also has a large effect on the intrinsic water vapor permeability of the membrane.

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