scholarly journals Trichinella Outbreaks on Pig Farms in Poland in 2012–2020

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Ewa Bilska-Zając ◽  
Mirosław Różycki ◽  
Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba ◽  
Aneta Bełcik ◽  
Anna Ziętek-Barszcz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Organic Meat ◽  
Positive Results

Trichinella nematodes continue to circulate in various hosts both in the domestic and sylvatic cycles. In the majority of countries in Europe, wild boars have been noticed as a primary source of Trichinella spp. infections in humans. However, in some regions, the meat of pigs containing Trichinella spp. larvae can still be a cause of trichinellosis. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to determine and present actual data on the occurrence of Trichinella spp. on pig farms (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in Poland. In this study, over 194 million pigs, slaughtered for commercial and personal purposes between 2012 and 2020, were tested with a digestion method according to the official rules for Trichinella control. Positive results were noticed in 172 pigs which gives an overall prevalence of 0.000088%. On seven farms, rats (Rattus norvegicus) infected with Trichinella spp. were also discovered. The species identification showed pigs were infected with Trichinella spiralis on 26 farms, and on four farms pigs with Trichinella britovi infections were found. Therefore, it is important to constantly monitor pigs for the presence of these parasites, especially in view of the growing interest in organic meat originated from ecological farms.

Sensitivity of Artificial Digestion and Enzyme Immunoassay Methods of Inspection for Trichinae in Pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. GAMBLE
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Digestion Methods ◽  
Pooled Sample ◽  
The Eu

Forty-seven pigs were infected with varying doses of Trichinella spiralis and tested for evidence of infection by serology, using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and by artificial digestion methods. Using a 1-g sample, as prescribed in accordance with European Union (EU) directives, the sensitivity of the pooled-sample artificial digestion method was between three and five larvae per gram (LPG) of tissue. Using a 5-g sample size, in accordance with methods described in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, and as required for the inspection of horses exported to the EU, the sensitivity of the test was increased to approximately 1 LPG. Serological testing by EIA detected pigs with as few as 0.02 LPG, but detection times varied from 4 to 8 weeks after infection. Mean postinoculation times for detection by serology were 32 to 42 days. On the basis of these results, it is clear that digestion testing using a 5-g sample size is the only method of those tested here that is completely reliable for detection of trichinae infection at a level that will protect public health. Both digestion testing using a 1-g sample and EIA have drawbacks. However, EIA remains a highly effective tool for epidemiological purposes and for monitoring trichinae infection on the farm.

Trichinella nativa in sylvatic wild boars

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pozio ◽  
C.M.O. Kapel
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Trichinella Nativa

Of 17 Trichinella isolates from domestic pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in regions where Trichinella nativa is widespread among sylvatic animals, two wild boars from Estonia were found to be naturally infected with this Trichinella species. The other 15 animals were infected with Trichinella spiralis. Trichinella nativa is tolerant to freezing when in the muscles of carnivores. The biological characteristics and temperature tolerance of this species in swine need to be further investigated if pork is certified for consumption following freezing.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Won Kang ◽  
Huong Thi Thanh Doan ◽  
Jin Hyeong Noh ◽  
Se Eun Choe ◽  
Mi Sun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Wild Boars

Control Indicators for the Examination of Pork for Trichinella spiralis by the Acid-Pepsin Digestion Method

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
CONNIE D. ANDREWS ◽  
DONALD W. WEBERT
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Pepsin Digestion ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Collagen Membranes ◽  
Negative Controls

Artificial digestion using an acidified pepsin solution is one of several methods of examination of meat for the presence of Trichinella spiralis larvae. Indicator devices, which serve as visible ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ Controls, have been developed for use in this digestion method. The indicators are color-coded, red and blue, modified-collagen membranes. One each of the red and blue colored membranes are added to the solution along with the sample. The digestion of the blue indicator and the retention of the red indicator are established as criteria that the process is within acceptable limits.

scholarly journals Detection of Seoul virus in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from pig farms in Northern England

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. 525-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen G Murphy ◽  
Nicola J Williams ◽  
Malcolm Bennett ◽  
Daisy Jennings ◽  
Julian Chantrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Seoul Virus ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
Globally Distributed

IntroductionHantaviruses are maintained by mammalian hosts, such as rodents, and are shed in their excretions. Clinical disease can occur in humans from spillover infection. Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are the globally distributed reservoir host of Seoul virus (SEOV). Human cases of SEOV-associated haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (SEOV-HFRS)have been reported in Great Britain (GB) since 1977.MethodsBrown rats (n=68) were trapped from a variety of peridomestic locations, with a focus on pig farms. Kidney and lung tissues were tested for viral RNA using a pan-hantavirus RT-PCR assay followed by Sanger sequencing and analysis.ResultsSEOV RNA was detected in 19 per cent (13/68, 95% CI 11 to 30) of rats and all sequences fell within SEOV lineage 9. Twelve sequences were highly similar to each other and to the previously reported GB Humber strain of SEOV (98 per cent). One rat SEOV sequence was more distant. The SEOV prevalence in rats from pig farms was significantly greater (p=0.047) than other sites sampled. No significant sex or age differences were observed among positive and negative rats.DiscussionThe results from this study suggest that SEOV could be widespread in wild rats in GB and therefore pose a potential risk to public health.

Detection of Trichinellosis in Pigs by Artificial Digestion and Enzyme Immunoassay

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. GAMBLE
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Sample Digestion ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Digestion Methods ◽  
Pooled Sample

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the reliability of current and proposed methods for the inspection of swine and other species for infection with the parasite Trichinella spiralis. Five groups of pigs were infected with doses of 2500, 500, 100, 50, and 20 T. spiralis larvae to establish moderate and low-level infections. Pigs were bled periodically during the study for samples to be tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). At the conclusion of the study, pigs were slaughtered and tissues collected for analyses of worm burdens and for comparison of digestion testing methods. Comparisons of pooled sample digestion methods were made using inspection methods prescribed by European Union Directives and the USDA, Code of Federal Regulations. Pooled sample digestion testing using 1-g samples was effective for detecting pigs with larval densities of >10 larvae per gram (LPG) of tissue but only partially effective for pigs with infections of <3 LPG. Pooled sample digestion testing using 5-g samples detected all pigs with infection levels >1 LPG. The EIA detected all T. spiralis-infected pigs, but did not detect infections in some pigs until 49 days after inoculation. These results demonstrate that the pooled sample digestion method using a 5-g sample size is the most effective inspection method for reducing the risk of human exposure to T. spiralis in pork.

scholarly journals Genetic evidence substantiates transmission of Trichinella spiralis from one swine farm to another

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Bilska-Zajac ◽  
Daniele Tonanzi ◽  
Edoardo Pozio ◽  
Miroslaw Rozycki ◽  
Tomasz Cencek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
Related Parasite

Abstract Background Trichinella spiralis ranks seventh in the risk posed by foodborne parasites. It causes most human cases of trichinellosis and is the most frequent cause of Trichinella outbreaks on pig farms and in wild boar, worldwide. Veterinary inspectors seek the source of outbreaks in hopes of limiting the spread. Established molecular tools are inadequate for distinguishing among potential T. spiralis infection sources because genetic variability in these zoonotic pathogens is limited in Europe. Microsatellite markers proved successful in tracing an outbreak of T. britovi, a related parasite harboring much more genetic variation. Here, we successfully employed microsatellite markers to determine the genetic structure of T. spiralis isolates from two pig outbreaks, discovering notable uniformity among parasites within each farm and discovering an epidemiological link between these two outbreaks. Methods The individual larvae from five isolates of T. spiralis from two pig farms and from ten wild boars were genotyped using nine microsatellite markers to examine their genetic structure. Results Notably uniform parasite populations constituted each farm outbreak, and the parasites from the first and second outbreaks resembled each other to a notable degree, indicating an epidemiological link between them. Wild boar harbored more genetically variable larval cohorts, distinguishing them from parasites isolated from domestic pigs. Conclusions Microsatellite markers succeeded in distinguishing isolates of the highly homogeneous T. spiralis, aiding efforts to track transmission. Each outbreak was composed of a homogenous group of parasites, suggesting a point source of contamination. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Neisseria Species Identification Assay for the Confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae-Positive Results of the COBAS Amplicor PCR

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1403-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Mangold ◽  
M. Regner ◽  
M. Tajuddin ◽  
A. M. Tajuddin ◽  
L. Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Neisseria Species ◽  
Positive Results

scholarly journals DETERMINAÇÃO DE METAIS EM BEBIDAS LÁCTEAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Alecssander Azevedo dos Santos ◽  
Pedro Gardinal Michelin ◽  
Daniel Ângelo Macena ◽  
Vinícius Marques Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Rigorous Quality Control

The search for healthier, innovative and practical products has moved the exponential growth of the dairy industry. Various foods have in their composition additives to enhance color, smell, texture and ensure greater durability. Rigorous quality control for the detection of contaminants and other potentially toxic and carcinogenic substances is essential for the industry. The objective of this work was to quantify the levels of lead, cadmium and chromium metals, which present a higher toxic potential in relation to health, which ends up affecting the children in a more significant way. The digestion method was used in a muffle oven. All three analyzed brands showed high levels of chromium and cadmium and absence of lead. The X mark showed the highest levels of these metals, followed by the Z mark, and the Y mark the lowest concentrations, but all with values above that established by the legislation. Therefore, all the analyzed brands presented positive results

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