carcinogenic substances
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Author(s):  
Bénédicte La Rocca ◽  
Philippe Sarazin

There is increasing concern for workers facing multiple chemical exposure. The accumulation of information on occupational conditions indicates the need to incorporate the concept of multiple exposures in the risk assessment process and to develop tools for assessing the potential impacts of multiple exposures on workers’ health. Our objective is to describe the MiXie online decision-making tool that can be used to assess the risk of exposure to multiple chemicals. The description includes the development of MiXie, the structure of its toxicological database according to the target organ or the mode of action, and the algorithm for quantitative analysis of a mixture. Two case studies of its use in evaluating the risks of multiple exposures in real workplace situations are presented. The case study in the printing industry showed increased risk for four toxicological classes (central nervous system damage, ocular damage, skin damage, and ototoxicity) associated with co-exposure to four chemicals during maintenance operations. The MiXie analysis also showed the presence of carcinogenic substances in the mixture and a risk to the development of the foetus. The case study in nail salons showed the presence of carcinogenic and sensitizing chemicals and an increased risk to upper airways. MiXie helps preventers evaluate the possible additive effects of mixtures, providing an easy-to-read diagnosis to identify risks incurred by co-exposed employees. In addition, MiXie identifies risky occupational situations that would go unnoticed without a multiple substance approach.


Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Semra Akgönüllü ◽  
Handan Yavuz ◽  
Adil Denizli

Aflatoxins are a group of extremely toxic and carcinogenic substances generated by the mold of the genus Aspergillus that contaminate agricultural products. When dairy cows ingest aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)−contaminated feeds, it is metabolized and transformed in the liver into a carcinogenic major form of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is eliminated through the milk. The detection of AFM1 in milk is very important to be able to guarantee food safety and quality. In recent years, sensors have emerged as a quick, low–cost, and reliable platform for the detection of aflatoxins. Plasmonic sensors with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be interesting alternatives for the determination of AFM1. In this work, we designed a molecularly–imprinted–based plasmonic sensor to directly detect lower amounts of AFM1 in raw milk samples. For this purpose, we prepared gold–nanoparticle–(AuNP)−integrated polymer nanofilm on a gold plasmonic sensor chip coated with allyl mercaptan. N−methacryloyl−l−phenylalanine (MAPA) was chosen as a functional monomer. The MIP nanofilm was prepared using the light–initiated polymerization of MAPA and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of AFM1 as a template molecule. The developed method enabled the detection of AFM1 with a detection limit of 0.4 pg/mL and demonstrated good linearity (0.0003 ng/mL–20.0 ng/mL) under optimized experimental conditions. The AFM1 determination was performed in random dairy farmer milk samples. Using the analogous mycotoxins, it was also demonstrated that the plasmonic sensor platforms were specific to the detection of AFM1.


2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Witek ◽  
Anna Lipowicz

Abstract Quality of sleep directly impacts quality of life, whilst lifestyle significantly impacts night rest. Cigarette smoking is a serious threat to overall health, including sleep. Nicotine in cigarettes affects the nervous system, whilst the respiratory system is impacted by carcinogenic substances, such as dusts and tarred substances, inhaled with smoke. Cigarettes are assumed to be a risk factor in sleep disorders, including breathing sleep disorders. This study’s aim was to analyze the impact of cigarette smoking on adult men’s polysomnographic parameters. Polysomnographic records for 94 adult men were obtained from the polysomnography laboratory in Opolskie Province, Poland. Additionally co-morbidities, height, weight and frequency of smoking were also noted. Three groups of men were categorised according to the frequency with which they smoked: non-smokers, smoking less than a pack a day, smoking more than a pack a day. Compared to non-smokers and mild smokers, men who were heavy smokers also exhibited the longest sleepless time (H=8.11; p=0.017), the maximum waking time following the onset of sleep (H=7.99; p= 0.018), the lowest sleep efficiency across the three groups (H=7.96; p=0.019), the greatest number of apnea events per hour of sleep (H=6.23; p= 0.045), the lowest Oxygen Level Nadir (H=11.44; p= 0.003) and the highest rate of limb movements per hour of sleep (H=9.81; p=0.007). The dose effect was identified, which correlated more cigarettes men smoked per day with lower sleep quality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Sameer H. Qari ◽  
Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei ◽  
Ahmed B. Ashour ◽  
Mona H. Soliman

Medicinal plants (MPs) account for 70–80% of use in primary care around the world, and this percentage indicates that the number of MP users is high; thus, it is necessary to focus studies on medicinal herbs to ensure their proper use. In addition, MPs have strong genotoxic effects, as some types of MPs can cause DNA damage. Any substance that raises the risk of cancer or a tumor in an organism is called a carcinogen. There are many genotoxic and carcinogenic substances in the environment that can directly or indirectly affect genetic material. There are also nanoparticles (NPs) derived from MPs. Carbon-based NPs contain many nanoscale materials, such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, as well as metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), and aluminum (Al). Unfortunately, few studies are concerned with the carcinogenicity of NPs from MPs, whereas many researchers are interested in genotoxic assessment. For this reason, there is an urgent need for more studies into the safety of MPs and NPs. Therefore, this study reviewed the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of MPs and their derived NPs. We also emphasized the need for strict regulation and monitoring of MP usage.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiara Oktaviani ◽  
Agung Firmansyah Sumantri ◽  
Riri Risanti

Pekerja industri berisiko terkena kecelakaan, kecacatan, dan kematian akibat kerja. Hasil survei dari International Labour Organization menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi terbesar penyebab kematian yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan disebabkan oleh kanker sebesar 8%. Kanker merupakan pertumbuhan sel yang tidak terkontrol diikuti proses invasi ke jaringan sekitar dan penyebaran ke bagian tubuh yang lain. Penyakit ini diketahui berhubungan dengan lingkungan kerja salah satunya industri tekstil karena terpapar oleh zat-zat karsinogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik pasien kanker yang bekerja di industri tekstil berdasar atas usia, jenis kelamin, dan jenis kanker yang terdiagnosis di  RSUD  Bayu Asih dan RS Abdul Radjak Purwakarta tahun 2018 - 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional deskriptif dengan melihat data rekam medis pasien kanker di RSUD Bayu Asih dan RS Abdul Radjak Purwakarta selama periode bulan Januari 2018 – Desember 2019 dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Didapatkan kejadian kanker pada pekerja industri tekstil lebih tinggi pada perempuan 61% daripada laki-laki 39%. Berusia 46 - 55 tahun 58%, usia 36 - 45 tahun 35% dan jenis kankernya yaitu kanker paru 26%, kanker payudara 23%, dan kanker kulit 13%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah mayoritas pekerja industri tekstil yang terdiagnosis kanker adalah perempuan, berusia 46-55 tahun, dan jenis kanker adalah kanker paru dan kanker payudara. Characteristics of Textile Industry Workers Diagnosed with Cancer in Purwakarta Industrial workers are at high risk of accidents, injuries and death due to work. The results from a survey conducted by the International Labor Organization showed that the highest prevalence of occupational causes of death was due to cancer, which was 8%. Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells following the invasion of surrounding tissues and spread to the other parts of the body. This diseases are known to be related to the work environment, one of which is the textile industry because they are exposed to carcinogenic substances. This study aims to find out the characteristics of cancer patients who were textile industry workers. They were categorized based on age, gender, and type of cancer diagnosed at Bayu Asih Hospital and Abdul Radjak Purwakarta Hospital in 2018 - 2019. This study used a descriptive observational method by looking at the medical record data of cancer patients at Bayu Asih Hospital and Abdul Radjak Purwakarta Hospital during from January 2019 – December 2019 with a cross sectional design. The result it was found that the incidence of cancer in textile industry workers is higher in women 61% than men 39%. 46 - 55 years old 58%, 36 - 45 years old 35% and the types of cancer are lung cancer 26%, breast cancer 23%, and skin cancer 13%. In conclusion the majority of textile industry workers diagnosed with cancer are female, aged 46 - 55 years, and the most common type of cancer is lung and breast cancer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 998-1020
Author(s):  
Valentin Thomas

Recent work in science and technology studies has looked at how chemical industries manufacture doubt about the toxicity of their products and manage to establish their scientific views in the field of international regulations on toxic substances. Rather than examining yet another “victory” for the industry, this article analyzes the deployment of a “pro-industrial” scientific position, punctuated mainly by failure and opposition. This trajectory is tracked through the analysis of several data sets: archives, scientific documentation, and sociological interviews. The first part of the article charts the development of a biochemical concept, “peroxisome proliferation,” within an academic subfield and its subsequent appropriation by certain industrial parties who used it as a defensive weapon for their commercial interests. Through the example of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and its network of interdependent institutions, the article goes on to analyze the multiple attempts of chemical industry players to establish their interpretation of the concept within the regulatory bodies for carcinogenic substances. The study of such systems of sociological interdependence shows that a full analysis of the “doubt manufacturing” requires an examination not only of the manufacturing process but also of the reception of the ideas produced.


Author(s):  
MAIA KAVTARADZE ◽  
NINO KHELASHVILI ◽  
MARIKA KHELASHVILI

Protein and hydrocarbon metabolism disorder, along with the effect of carcinogenic substances is the most important factor of cancer formation. Acid-base homeostasis is of crucial importance for human health. Based on the majority of researches one may say that disorders of acid-base homeostasis can be related to acid-base transport systems in the kidneys, though it still remains a subject of discussion and proper analysis.


Author(s):  
Halyna Tatarchenko

The article examines the level of pollution of the territory of the city of Kiev with nitrogen oxides, which is mainly formed by traffic flows on the main roads of the city. According to statistics, on average, one passenger car emits about one kilogram of various toxic and carcinogenic substances into the atmosphere per day. For the human body, nitrogen oxides are even more harmful than carbon monoxide. The general nature of the influence varies depending on the content of various nitrogen oxides: NO, NO2, N2O3, N2O4. Nitric oxide relaxes vascular smooth muscles, is involved in protection against pathogens, is a neurotransmitter, regulates programmed cell death and proliferation, and plays an important role in the secretory and reproductive system. Measurement of the concentration of nitrogen oxides for three days in the center of Kiev on the territory of the park named after Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko, which is surrounded by highways, showed the highest dynamics of changes in the content of the pollutant. The obtained results of calculating the pollution by nitrogen oxides near the main roads are almost ten times different from the data obtained by remote sensing (satellite) and measured at stationary stations, which indicates the excessive anthropogenic load of transport on the environment, especially in the center. Kiev and the need for additional control at points close to the main roads. When deciding on the placement of highways in the city plan, it is necessary to take into account the direction and speed of the wind. if the width of the roadside contamination with a pollutant crosses the border of the residential area, the value of the excess of the MPC standard in the air of the settlement at the calculated point on the border of the residential area should be calculated and protective measures should be provided. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Fatima Zahra Hafiane ◽  
Hind El Bouzaidi ◽  
Nordine Nouayti ◽  
Latifa Tahri ◽  
Mohamed El Jarmouni ◽  
...  

Abstract The industrialization of the agricultural sector increases the use of pesticides, which are composed of chemical substances, such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, and rodenticides, that are adapted to the control of undesirable plants and animals. All these phytosanitary products have varying degrees of toxicity, which risks human life. This study aimed to make an inventory of the pesticides used in the irrigated perimeter of Beni Moussa and Beni Aamir in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region. The data collection through questionnaires took place between January and February 2016 and covered all the study areas. The questionnaires are focused on the mode of packaging management, sale and purchase of pesticides. The results demonstrated the existence of different pesticides and active substances used for crop protection in the region. Among 63 molecules, 14 active substances were detected, where the active substances are not approved by the world health organization, which considers it as carcinogenic substances. During phytosanitary treatments by farmers, these active substances come into direct contact with the soil, presenting a permanent risk to the environmental compartments, including groundwaters.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh Bhangu ◽  
Ripudaman Singh ◽  
Darpan Bansal ◽  
Balcharan S. Bajwa

Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common invasive cancer of the urinary tract. Lately, there has been an increased incidence of urothelial neoplasia due to exposure to a wide range of potentially carcinogenic substances. Studies of involved factors led to the concept of existence of a so-called malignization terrain, which claims that individual genetic predisposition and chronic exposure to carcinogens act synergistically leading to the appearance of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. Aim of the research was to find out the common etiological factors of bladder cancer in this part of India.Methods: The study included 100 patients of bladder carcinoma reporting to Sri Guru Ram Das Hospital, Amritsar from March 2018 to December 2019. A detailed history was taken to have the insight of various etiological factors of the disease. The data was entered in Microsoft excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.Results: The most common blood group associated with CA UB was A +ve (39%) followed by B +ve (29%). 89% of the cases of CA UB were non-smokers predominantly attributed to type of patients coming to our tertiary care institute which are from a rural background (73%) and are mostly Sikhs (80%) and Sikhs are traditionally non-smokers. 80% were farmers by occupation who have exposure to pesticides, insecticides, weedicides and herbicides routinely.Conclusion: In our study majority of the patients turned out to be non-smokers and A +ve blood group in contrast to the strong predilection of smoking and bladder cancer. 


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