scholarly journals Epidemiology of Noble Pen Shell (Pinna nobilis L. 1758) Mass Mortality Events in Adriatic Sea Is Characterised with Rapid Spreading and Acute Disease Progression

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šarić ◽  
Ivan Župan ◽  
Serena Aceto ◽  
Grazia Villari ◽  
Dušan Palić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
Sea Currents

From May to October 2019, multiple mass mortality events (MMEs) of Pinna nobilis were observed along Croatian coastline starting from the south-east and rapidly progressing in north-western direction. Time dynamics of the MMEs closely followed general speed and direction patterns of surface sea-currents, advancing approximately 350 km in less than 3 months. Surveillance, clinical evaluation, and sample collection were performed on multiple sites with various degrees of mortality rates. Moribund P. nobilis individuals were collected and subjected to pathological, molecular, and microscopical investigation. Affected animals were positive for Mycobacterium in 70% of the individuals, and Haplosporidium pinnae was present in 58% of the cases. Observed pathological lesions were most severe where concurrent presence of both pathogens was confirmed (in 45.8% of moribund individuals). Moderate to strong lesions were observed in animals positive for Mycobacterium only (25% of cases), and lesions were absent or minor to moderate when only H. pinnae was confirmed (16% of cases). Considering the rapid and severe spread of the MMEs, the areas less exposed to major sea currents appeared to be at lower risk of pathogen transmission. Surveillance activities along the Croatian coastline identified several P. nobilis populations in such “lower risk” areas without apparent mortality or clinical symptoms. Such areas are of particular interest as source of potentially healthy individuals to support active recovery actions.

scholarly journals Tracking a mass mortality outbreak of pen shell Pinna nobilis populations: A collaborative effort of scientists and citizens

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cabanellas-Reboredo ◽  
Maite Vázquez-Luis ◽  
Baptiste Mourre ◽  
Elvira Álvarez ◽  
Salud Deudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Model ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Mass Mortality Event ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract A mass mortality event is devastating the populations of the endemic bivalve Pinna nobilis in the Mediterranean Sea from early autumn 2016. A newly described Haplosporidian endoparasite (Haplosporidium pinnae) is the most probable cause of this ecological catastrophe placing one of the largest bivalves of the world on the brink of extinction. As a pivotal step towards Pinna nobilis conservation, this contribution combines scientists and citizens’ data to address the fast- and vast-dispersion and prevalence outbreaks of the pathogen. Therefore, the potential role of currents on parasite expansion was addressed by means of drift simulations of virtual particles in a high-resolution regional currents model. A generalized additive model was implemented to test if environmental factors could modulate the infection of Pinna nobilis populations. The results strongly suggest that the parasite has probably dispersed regionally by surface currents, and that the disease expression seems to be closely related to temperatures above 13.5 °C and to a salinity range between 36.5–39.7 psu. The most likely spread of the disease along the Mediterranean basin associated with scattered survival spots and very few survivors (potentially resistant individuals), point to a challenging scenario for conservation of the emblematic Pinna nobilis, which will require fast and strategic management measures and should make use of the essential role citizen science projects can play.

Mass mortality in endangered fan mussels Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) caused by co-infection of Haplosporidium pinnae and multiple Vibrio infection in Çanakkale Strait, Turkey

Biomarkers ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
İbrahim Ender Künili ◽  
Selin Ertürk Gürkan ◽  
Ata Aksu ◽  
Emre Turgay ◽  
Fikret Çakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Vibrio Infection

scholarly journals Brain-Dead and Coma Patients Exhibit Different Serum Metabolic Profiles: A Novel Diagnostic Approach in Neurocritical Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dawiskiba ◽  
Wojciech Wojtowicz ◽  
Badr Qasem ◽  
Marceli Łukaszewski ◽  
Karolina Anna Mielko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Brain Death Diagnosis ◽  
Brain Dead ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

Abstract There is a clear difference between severe brain damage and brain death. However, in clinical practice, the differentiation of these states can be challenging. Currently, there are no laboratory tools that facilitate brain death diagnosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of serum metabolomic analysis in differentiating coma patients (CP) from individuals with brain death (BD). Serum samples were collected from 23 adult individuals with established diagnosis of brain death and 24 patients in coma with Glasgow Coma Scale 3 or 4, with no other clinical symptoms of brain death for at least 7 days after sample collection. Serum metabolomic profiles were investigated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results obtained were examined by univariate and multivariate data analysis (PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA). Metabolic profiling allowed us to quantify 43 resonance signals, of which 34 were identified. Multivariate statistical modeling revealed a highly significant separation between coma patients and brain-dead individuals, as well as strong predictive potential. The findings not only highlight the potential of the metabolomic approach for distinguishing patients in coma from those in the state of brain death but also may provide an understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these conditions.

scholarly journals A comparative study on outcomes of preprandial versus postprandial thyroid function test

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Vasim Ismail Patel ◽  
Akshay B. K.
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Group 2

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The thyroid is an<strong> </strong>endocrine gland. It secretes two hormones thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>), triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>). Hypothyroidism is a common condition encountered by a clinician. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) defined as normal free thyroxine (T4) and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), is primarily a biochemical diagnosis with or without clinical symptoms. Studies have observed that TSH levels vary at different times in a day. In practice not much importance is given to the timing of the sample collection (pre-prandial or post-prandial sate). SCH is diagnosed depending on TSH value. So the condition may be under or over diagnosed based on a single value. So we conducted this study to determine whether timing of sample collection had any significant relationship in the determination of levels of thyroid hormones.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was carried on 114 patients who visited ENT department, NMCH between July 2018 and June 2019. Group-1 consisted of 38 normal patients. Group-2 consisted of 36 hypothyroidism patients GROUP-3 consisted of 40 subclinical hypothyroidism patients. Thyroid function tests (TSH and free T4) were done in fasting state and 2 hours postprandially.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> TSH values were found to be significantly lowered after food in all the three groups. Free T4 values did not show any statistically significant alteration after food.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was a significant decline in TSH values postprandially. This might lead to inappropriate diagnosis and management of patients as cases of hypothyroidism, especially in cases of sub clinical hypothyroidism.</p>

scholarly journals Haplosporidium pinnae associated with mass mortality in endangered Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) fan mussels

2019 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Panarese ◽  
Perla Tedesco ◽  
Giovanni Chimienti ◽  
Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽  
Francesco Quaglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Pinna Nobilis

scholarly journals Recruitment Disruption and the Role of Unaffected Populations for Potential Recovery After the Pinna nobilis Mass Mortality Event

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego K. Kersting ◽  
Maite Vázquez-Luis ◽  
Baptiste Mourre ◽  
Fatima Z. Belkhamssa ◽  
Elvira Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Mortality Event ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Mass Mortality Event

Assessment of predominant bacteria in noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) collected in the Eastern Adriatic Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Pavlinec ◽  
Ivana Giovanna Zupičić ◽  
Dražen Oraić ◽  
Bruna Petani ◽  
Bosiljka Mustać ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Pen Shell

scholarly journals S.O.S. Pinna nobilis: A Mass Mortality Event in Western Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Vázquez-Luis ◽  
Elvira Álvarez ◽  
Agustín Barrajón ◽  
José R. García-March ◽  
Amalia Grau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Mortality Event ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Mass Mortality Event ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea

scholarly journals Statins in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Iranian COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Peymani ◽  
Tania Dehesh ◽  
Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi ◽  
Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust ◽  
Katarzyna Kotfis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Statin Use

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has profoundly affected the lives of millions of people. To date, there is no approved vaccine or specific drug to prevent or treat COVID-19, while the infection is spreading at an alarming rate globally. Because the development of effective vaccines or novel drugs could take several months (if not years), repurposing existing drugs is considered a more efficient strategy that could save lives now. Statins constitute a class of lipid-lowering drugs with proven safety profiles and many known beneficial pleiotropic effects. Our previous investigations showed that statins have antiviral effects and are involved in the process of wound healing in the lung. This triggered us to evaluate if statin use reduces mortality in COVID-19 patients. Results: After initial recruitment of 459 patients with COVID-19 (Shiraz province, Iran) and careful consideration of the exclusion criteria, a total of 150 patients, of which 75 received statins, were included in our retrospective study. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between statin use and rate of death. After propensity score matching, we found that statin use appeared to be associated with a lower risk of morbidity [HR=0.85, 95% CI=(0.02, 3.93), P=0.762] and lower risk of death [(HR= 0.76; 95% CI=(0.16, 3.72), P=0.735)]; however, these associations did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, statin use reduced the chance of being subjected to mechanical ventilation [OR=0.96, 95% CI=(0.61–2.99), P=0.942] and patients on statins had a more normal computed tomography (CT) scan result [OR=0.41, 95% CI= (0.07–2.33), P=0.312]. Conclusions: Although we could not demonstrate a significant association between statin use and a reduction in mortality in patients with COVID19 , we do feel that our results are promising and of clinical relevance and warrant the need for prospective randomized controlled trials and extensive retrospective studies to validate the potential beneficial effects of statin treatment on clinical symptoms and mortality rates associated with COVID-19.

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