Wild and Domestic Canids and Their Interactions in the Transmission Cycles of Trypanosoma Cruzi and Leishmania spp. in an Area of the Brazilian Cerrado

Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are parasites that infect multiple hosts including canids, considered bioaccumulators of parasites. Deforestation in the Cerrado biome has resulted in the exposure of wild canids to anthropized areas, where they may establish ecological and epidemiological relationships with domestic dogs. We evaluated the infection by trypanosomatids in canids from a Cerrado agroecosystem between 2013 and 2017. Samples of wild canids (blood, bone marrow and skin) and dogs (blood) were collected for parasitological, serological and molecular diagnosis. A total of 414 samples from wild (n = 131) and domestic (n = 283) canids were collected, including recaptures. We obtained five positive hemocultures from Lycalopex vetulus (n = 2), Cerdocyon thous (n = 1) and dogs (n = 2), all characterized as T. cruzi TcIII/V (18S rDNA) and TcIII/V/VI (gGAPDH); one positive skin fragment for Leishmania sp. (C. thous), one positive skin culture (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and one positive fresh blood examination from a dog. Infection by T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. was serologically confirmed in 18% and 4% of the canids, respectively. Active transmission was attested by seroconversion events and occurred despite the low rate of positive parasitological assays. Wild and domestic canids infected by both parasites were detected sharing the same areas, pointing to a possible spillover of parasites among them.

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Trypanosomatids in Small Mammals of an Agroecosystem in Central Brazil: Another Piece in the Puzzle of Parasite Transmission in an Anthropogenic Landscape

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8040190 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 190 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Brandão ◽

Xavier ◽

Carvalhaes ◽

D’Andrea ◽

Lemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Fresh Blood ◽

Wild Mammals ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Mammal Fauna ◽

Leishmania Spp ◽

Cruzi Infection ◽

Didelphis Albiventris

We surveyed infection by Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp. in small wild mammals from Cumari, Goiás State aiming to investigate the diversity of trypanosomatid in a modified landscape of the Brazilian Cerrado (and possible infection overlapping with canids from the same area). Blood, skin, spleen, and liver samples were collected for parasitological, serological, and molecular assays. Gracilinanus agilis was the most abundant species (N = 70; 48.6%) and it was the only one with patent parasitemia. Characterization by mini-exon and 18SrDNA targets were achieved in 7/10 hemocultures with positive fresh blood examination, which confirmed the T. cruzi infection by Discrete Typing Units (DTU) TcI in single (N = 2) and mixed infections with other DTUs (N = 5). T. rangeli and T. dionisii were detected in skin fragments from Didelphis albiventris and Oecomys cleberi, respectively. G. agilis were found to be infected by L. braziliensis and L. guyanensis, while Leishmania sp. DNA was detected in the liver of Oligoryzomys nigripes and Calomys expulsus. Subpatent infection by T. cruzi and Leishmania sp. was serologically detected in 15% and 9% of the small mammal fauna, respectively. Small mammals from Cumari are included in T. cruzi and Leshmania spp. transmission cycles, showing a higher diversity of trypanosomatid species and/or genotypes than that observed in canids of the same agroecosystem.

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Occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. In free-ranging wild canids from the Brazilian savanna

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2015000800005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 734-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thaís C.S. Rodrigues ◽

André L.Q. Santos ◽

Anna M.C. Lima-Ribeiro ◽

Frederico G. Lemos ◽

Fernanda C. Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brazilian Savanna ◽

Tropical Savanna ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Wild Canids ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Leptospira Spp ◽

Cerdocyon Thous ◽

Wildlife Populations ◽

Free Ranging ◽

Chrysocyon Brachyurus

Abstract: The Brazilian savanna, also known as Cerrado, is one of the world's richest and most ecologically invaluable tropical savanna regions. There are few studies in Brazil about the diseases that affect the wild canids of this biome, which may be harmful to wildlife populations and public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in three Cerrado wild canids species using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Serum samples were tested from 19 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous), 14 maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), and seven hoary foxes (Lycalopex vetulus), all free-ranging animals found in the municipalities of Araguari and Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, and Cumari, Goiás State, Brazil. Fourteen (35%) of these samples were seropositive. The most frequent serovars detected in the samples were Copenhageni and Hardjo, but reactions to the serovars Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Wolffi, and Icterohaemorrhagiae also occurred. Notwithstanding other reported results, this study is the first to report the presence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in L. vetulus. The three species of wild canids examined may act as potential hosts for several serovars of leptospira in Brazil's savanna environment.

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The Widespread Anti-Protozoal Action of HIV Aspartic Peptidase Inhibitors: Focus on Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026616666161025161153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 1303-1317 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marta Branquinha ◽

Leandro Sangenito ◽

Catia Sodre ◽

Lucimar Kneipp ◽

Claudia d'Avila-Levy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Peptidase Inhibitors ◽

Aspartic Peptidase ◽

Leishmania Spp

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American Leishmania Spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi: Galactosylα(1–3)galactose epitope localization by colloidal gold immunocytochemistry and lectin cytochemistry

Experimental Parasitology ◽

10.1016/0014-4894(92)90136-x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 27-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Antonio Breta≈na ◽

JoséLuis Avila ◽

Marisol Contreras-Breta≈na ◽

Felix Jacobo Tapia

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Colloidal Gold ◽

Lectin Cytochemistry ◽

Leishmania Spp

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Human mixed infections of Leishmania spp. and Leishmania-Trypanosoma cruzi in a sub Andean Bolivian area: identification by polymerase chain reaction/hybridization and isoenzyme

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02762003000200015 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 255-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

B Bastrenta ◽

N Mita ◽

R Buitrago ◽

F Vargas ◽

M Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Leishmania Spp ◽

Polymerase Chain

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Comparative descriptive anatomy of the femoral artery in crab-eating fox, hoary fox and maned wolf

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science ◽

10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2017.105049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Daiane Dos Santos de Deus ◽

Karime Cássia Silveira Gondim ◽

Lázaro Antônio dos Santos ◽

Daniela Cristina De Oliveira Silva ◽

Lucas de Assis Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Artery ◽

Maned Wolf ◽

Cerdocyon Thous ◽

Arteria Poplitea ◽

Chrysocyon Brachyurus

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da artéria femoral em canídeos selvagens, como o cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), a raposa do campo (Lycalopex vetulus) e o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Foram utilizados dois espécimes de cada grupo canídeo. Solução de látex vermelha foi injetada no sistema arterial dos animais, que foram então fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e dissecados seguindo as técnicas rotineiras da anatomia macroscópica. Nos três grupos canídeos, o padrão arterial foi semelhante ao descrito para canídeos domésticos, em que a artéria femoral profunda origina da artéria ilíaca externa, ainda na cavidade abdominal, e envia seu primeiro ramo, a artéria femoral circunflexa lateral. Alguns ramos musculares, uma ou duas artérias femorais caudais e os ramos terminais - a artéria genicular descendente, a artéria safena e a artéria poplítea - são originários da artéria femoral. O padrão de origem desses vasos também mostra semelhanças com as de canídeos domésticos, às vezes formando troncos e ocasionalmente originando individualmente. Assim, pode-se concluir que o padrão anatômico da artéria femoral e seus ramos em canídeos selvagens mostra semelhanças com a dos canídeos domésticos, mas variações inerentes em cada espécie também estão presentes.

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