scholarly journals Occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. In free-ranging wild canids from the Brazilian savanna

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís C.S. Rodrigues ◽  
André L.Q. Santos ◽  
Anna M.C. Lima-Ribeiro ◽  
Frederico G. Lemos ◽  
Fernanda C. Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

Abstract: The Brazilian savanna, also known as Cerrado, is one of the world's richest and most ecologically invaluable tropical savanna regions. There are few studies in Brazil about the diseases that affect the wild canids of this biome, which may be harmful to wildlife populations and public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in three Cerrado wild canids species using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Serum samples were tested from 19 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous), 14 maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), and seven hoary foxes (Lycalopex vetulus), all free-ranging animals found in the municipalities of Araguari and Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, and Cumari, Goiás State, Brazil. Fourteen (35%) of these samples were seropositive. The most frequent serovars detected in the samples were Copenhageni and Hardjo, but reactions to the serovars Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Wolffi, and Icterohaemorrhagiae also occurred. Notwithstanding other reported results, this study is the first to report the presence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in L. vetulus. The three species of wild canids examined may act as potential hosts for several serovars of leptospira in Brazil's savanna environment.

scholarly journals Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in wild animals treated at the Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. ec03036
Author(s):  
Luisa B. Beltrame ◽  
Leopoldo F. de O. Bernardi ◽  
Thiago F. Martins ◽  
Marcelo B. Labruna ◽  
Samantha M. Favoretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

Ticks have a great diversity of hosts, many of which are still being discovered. These parasites may be responsible for the transmission of several pathogens to animals and humans. For this reason, knowledge on tick species and their hosts is essential for planning actions in public health and fauna conservation. From February 2018 to July 2019, ticks found in animals treated at the Wild Animal Clinic of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) were surveyed. Animals came from nine municipalities at the southern region of Minas Gerais State, all close to the municipality of Lavras. During veterinary procedures the animals were inspected, and tick specimens were removed from the hosts’ skins with the help of tweezers, and posteriorly identified. One hundred and three specimens of ticks were removed from the hosts and allocated in five species of Amblyomma Koch, 1844 (Ixodidae) [A. nodosum (Neumann, 1899), A. sculptum Berlese, 1888, A. aureolatum (Pallas, 1772), A. calcaratum Neumann, 1899, and A. ovale (Koch, 1844)] and one of Rhipicephalus Latreille, 1806 [R. (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888)]. Ticks were collected from: Cariama cristata (Linnaeus, 1766) (Cariamidae); Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766 and Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger,1815 (Canidae); Leopardus pardalis Linnaeus, 1758 (Felidae); Mazama gouazoubira Fischer, 1814 (Cervidae); Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 (Myrmecophagidae); Sphiggurus villosus (F. Cuvier, 1823) (Erethizontidae). In this study no new parasite-host relationships were found, however, wild animals can be vectors of important diseases, and monitoring the occurrence of ectoparasites in wildlife is a significant step in public health policies.

scholarly journals Wild and Domestic Canids and Their Interactions in the Transmission Cycles of Trypanosoma Cruzi and Leishmania spp. in an Area of the Brazilian Cerrado

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Elida M. V. Brandão ◽  
Samanta C. C. Xavier ◽  
Fabiana L. Rocha ◽  
Caio F. M. Lima ◽  
Ísis Z. Candeias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus ◽  
Dog Infection ◽  
Low Rate

Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are parasites that infect multiple hosts including canids, considered bioaccumulators of parasites. Deforestation in the Cerrado biome has resulted in the exposure of wild canids to anthropized areas, where they may establish ecological and epidemiological relationships with domestic dogs. We evaluated the infection by trypanosomatids in canids from a Cerrado agroecosystem between 2013 and 2017. Samples of wild canids (blood, bone marrow and skin) and dogs (blood) were collected for parasitological, serological and molecular diagnosis. A total of 414 samples from wild (n = 131) and domestic (n = 283) canids were collected, including recaptures. We obtained five positive hemocultures from Lycalopex vetulus (n = 2), Cerdocyon thous (n = 1) and dogs (n = 2), all characterized as T. cruzi TcIII/V (18S rDNA) and TcIII/V/VI (gGAPDH); one positive skin fragment for Leishmania sp. (C. thous), one positive skin culture (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and one positive fresh blood examination from a dog. Infection by T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. was serologically confirmed in 18% and 4% of the canids, respectively. Active transmission was attested by seroconversion events and occurred despite the low rate of positive parasitological assays. Wild and domestic canids infected by both parasites were detected sharing the same areas, pointing to a possible spillover of parasites among them.

scholarly journals The Seroepidemiology of a Neglected Zoonotic and Livestock Pathogen in Free-Ranging Bovids: Leptospirosis in African Buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Wynand Goosen ◽  
Mark Hamish Moseley ◽  
Tanya Jane Kerr ◽  
Andrew Potts ◽  
Michele Miller
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Free Ranging

Multi-host pathogens are challenging to control and are responsible for some of the most important diseases of humans, livestock, and wildlife. Leptospira spp. are some of the most common multi-host pathogens and represent an important cause of zoonotic infections and livestock productivity loss in the developing world, where contact with wildlife species is common. Although there is increasing evidence that cattle in Africa harbour a broad diversity of Leptospira genotypes and serovars, little is known about the epidemiology of these pathogens in wild bovids, such as African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). Using microscopic agglutination testing (MAT) on serum samples collected from free-ranging buffaloes (n = 98) captured in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP), South Africa, we demonstrated an overall seroprevalence of 21% with seropositivity almost exclusively limited to serovar Tarassovi (serogroup Tarassovi). Moreover, we found no evidence of seropositivity in unweaned calves and showed temporal- or herd-specific variation in exposure risk, and increased probability of seropositivity (OR = 5.44, 95% CI = 1.4–27) in female buffaloes. Together, these findings demonstrate that free-ranging African buffaloes are exposed to Leptospira spp. infections, providing insights into the epidemiology of an emerging Leptospira serovar in herds with an absence of any disease control and minimal management.

Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii exposure in captive wild canids in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. FLEISCHMAN ◽  
B. B. CHOMEL ◽  
R. W. KASTEN ◽  
M. R. ANDRÉ ◽  
L. R. GONÇALVES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Speothos Venaticus

SUMMARYWild canids are potential hosts for numerous species of Bartonella, yet little research has been done to quantify their infection rates in South America. We sought to investigate Bartonella seroprevalence in captive wild canids from 19 zoos in São Paulo and Mato Grosso states, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 97 wild canids belonging to four different native species and three European wolves (Canis lupus). Indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing was performed to detect the presence of B. henselae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, B. clarridgeiae, and B. rochalimae. Overall, Bartonella antibodies were detected in 11 of the canids, including five (12·8%) of 39 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous), three (11·1%) of 27 bush dogs (Speothos venaticus), two (8·7%) of 23 maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and one (12·5%) of eight hoary foxes (Lycalopex vetulus), with titres ranging from 1:64 to 1:512. Knowing that many species of canids make excellent reservoir hosts for Bartonella, and that there is zoonotic potential for all Bartonella spp. tested for, it will be important to conduct further research in non-captive wild canids to gain an accurate understanding of Bartonella infection in free-ranging wild canids in South America.

Rickettsia parkeri in free-ranging wild canids from Brazilian Pampa

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. e224-e230 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dall'Agnol ◽  
U. A. Souza ◽  
B. Weck ◽  
T. C. Trigo ◽  
M. M. A. Jardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rickettsia Parkeri ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Free Ranging

Yield and diametric structure of Dimorphandra mollis Benth

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Paulino Costa ◽  
Messulan Rodrigues Meira ◽  
Silma Leite Rocha ◽  
Thaíse Ohana Moura Fernandes ◽  
Ernane Ronie Martins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Environmental Importance

ABSTRACT Dimorphandra mollis is native to the Brazilian Savanna and has social, economic and environmental importance. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and diametric distribution of Dimorphandra mollis Benth. in the Pandeiros River Environmental Protection Area, in Bonito de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Five areas were assessed, totaling five hectares (50 plots of 1,000 m2). The total number of plants, yield per plant (2018, 2019 and 2020) and diameter at breast height were recorded, considering all trees from the plots in diametric classes. The average diameter at breast height of all plants was 6.05 ± 3.07 cm, and that of the plants that produced in at least one of the evaluated years was 7.46 ± 3.15 cm. The diametric distribution showed classes with no individuals, indicating imbalance, as well as a trend to inverted “J” shape. The maximum annual yield was 8.08 kg ha-1 of dry fruits (2019), the minimum 0.42 kg ha-1 (2018), and the average 2.74 kg ha-1, with biennial characteristic.

scholarly journals Comparative descriptive anatomy of the femoral artery in crab-eating fox, hoary fox and maned wolf

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Daiane Dos Santos de Deus ◽  
Karime Cássia Silveira Gondim ◽  
Lázaro Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Daniela Cristina De Oliveira Silva ◽  
Lucas de Assis Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Maned Wolf ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Arteria Poplitea ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da artéria femoral em canídeos selvagens, como o cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), a raposa do campo (Lycalopex vetulus) e o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Foram utilizados dois espécimes de cada grupo canídeo. Solução de látex vermelha foi injetada no sistema arterial dos animais, que foram então fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e dissecados seguindo as técnicas rotineiras da anatomia macroscópica. Nos três grupos canídeos, o padrão arterial foi semelhante ao descrito para canídeos domésticos, em que a artéria femoral profunda origina da artéria ilíaca externa, ainda na cavidade abdominal, e envia seu primeiro ramo, a artéria femoral circunflexa lateral. Alguns ramos musculares, uma ou duas artérias femorais caudais e os ramos terminais - a artéria genicular descendente, a artéria safena e a artéria poplítea - são originários da artéria femoral. O padrão de origem desses vasos também mostra semelhanças com as de canídeos domésticos, às vezes formando troncos e ocasionalmente originando individualmente. Assim, pode-se concluir que o padrão anatômico da artéria femoral e seus ramos em canídeos selvagens mostra semelhanças com a dos canídeos domésticos, mas variações inerentes em cada espécie também estão presentes.

Natural Infection of Wild Canids (Cerdocyon thous and Lycalopex gymnocercus) with the Intraendothelial Piroplasm Rangelia vitalii in Southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Fredo ◽  
Matheus V. Bianchi ◽  
Caroline P. De Andrade ◽  
Suyene O. De Souza ◽  
Ronaldo V. Leite-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous

Brain size/body weight in the dingo (Canis dingo): comparisons with domestic and wild canids

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley P. Smith ◽  
Teghan A. Lucas ◽  
Rachel M. Norris ◽  
Maciej Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Size Relationship ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Endocranial Volume ◽  
The Brain

Endocranial volume was measured in a large sample (n = 128) of free-ranging dingoes (Canis dingo) where body size was known. The brain/body size relationship in the dingoes was compared with populations of wild (Family Canidae) and domestic canids (Canis familiaris). Despite a great deal of variation among wild and domestic canids, the brain/body size of dingoes forms a tight cluster within the variation of domestic dogs. Like dogs, free-ranging dingoes have paedomorphic crania; however, dingoes have a larger brain and are more encephalised than most domestic breeds of dog. The dingo’s brain/body size relationship was similar to those of other mesopredators (medium-sized predators that typically prey on smaller animals), including the dhole (Cuon alpinus) and the coyote (Canis latrans). These findings have implications for the antiquity and classification of the dingo, as well as the impact of feralisation on brain size. At the same time, it highlights the difficulty in using brain/body size to distinguish wild and domestic canids.

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