scholarly journals In-Field Comparative Study of Landraces vs. Modern Wheat Genotypes under a Mediterranean Climate

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2612
Author(s):  
Sivan Frankin ◽  
Rajib Roychowdhury ◽  
Kamal Nashef ◽  
Shahal Abbo ◽  
David J. Bonfil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Wheat Landraces

The Near East climate ranges from arid to a Mediterranean, under which local wheat landraces have been grown for over millennia, assumingly accumulating a unique repertoire of genetic adaptations. In the current study, we subjected a subset of the Israeli Palestinian Landraces (IPLR) collection (n = 19: durum and bread wheat landraces, modern wheat cultivars, and landraces mixtures) to full-field evaluation. The multifield experiment included a semiarid site (2018–2019, 2019–2020) under low (L) and high (H) supplementary irrigation, and a Mediterranean site (2019–2020). Water availability had a major impact on crop performance. This was reflected in a strong discrimination between environments for biomass productivity and yield components. Compared to landraces, modern cultivars exhibited significantly higher grain yield (GY) across environments (+102%) reflecting the effect of the Green Revolution. However, under the Gilat19 (L) environment, this productivity gap was significantly reduced (only +39%). Five excelling landraces and the durum mix exhibited good agronomic potential across all trails. This was expressed in relatively high GY (2.3–2.85 t ha−1), early phenology (86–96 days to heading) and lodging resistance. Given the growing interest of stakeholders and consumers, these might be considered future candidates for the local artisanal wheat grain market. Yet, this step should be taken only after establishing an adjustable field management protocol.

scholarly journals Full Field Evaluation of the Stress Tensor Components in 2D Photoelasticity Via Computer Software

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Paška ◽  
František Fojtík ◽  
Petr Ferfecki
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Stress Tensor ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Matlab Program

Abstract The aim of this work is to find out the components of stress tensor in plane specimens. For this purpose the photoelasticity methodology is used. In order to make this technique more comfortable for use, there was developed an algorithm in MATLAB program. The results are compared with numerical solution. The main advantages of the developed algorithm are the speed and the capabilities to extend to analyze the plastic deformation and strain conditions in the material during forming processes.

scholarly journals Diabetogenic Potential of Ancestral and Modern Wheat Landraces

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Wheat Landraces

scholarly journals Full-field evaluation of the onset of microplasticity in a steel specimen

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Moulart ◽  
René Rotinat ◽  
Fabrice Pierron
Keyword(s):  
Steel Specimen ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Full Field

scholarly journals Field evaluation of durum wheat landraces for prevailing abiotic and biotic stresses in highland rainfed regions of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Behzad Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Hasan Ahmadi ◽  
Nowzar Bahrami ◽  
Ahmed Amri
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Durum Wheat Landraces

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Sumilarv 0.5G against Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis in Northern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Eliningaya J. Kweka ◽  
Aneth M. Mahande ◽  
Shandala Msangi ◽  
Subira Sayumwe ◽  
Johnson O. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Northern Tanzania

Background: Sumilarv 0.5G (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) is a granular insecticide developed for the control of mosquito and fly aquatic stages. The active ingredient is pyriproxyfen (4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2-(2 – pyridyloxy) propyl ether), a juvenile hormone analogue that acts as an insect growth regulator. Sumilarv 0.5G functions by inhibition of adult emergence from pupae. In this study, the Tropical Pesticides Research Institute in Tanzania carried out laboratory, semifield, and full-field evaluation on a new candidate of pupicide, Sumilarv 0.5G. The present study, therefore, sought to test the bioefficacy of Sumilarv 0.5G in laboratory, semifield, and full-field conditions in Mabogini, northern Tanzania. Methods: Standard World Health Organization laboratory bioefficacy evaluations of Sumilarv 0.5G and untreated microcosms were prepared and monitored for inhibition of the larvae introduced to the habitats, while field plots were monitored for 5 weeks after the introduction of Sumilarv 0.5G using manufacturer-recommended doses. Results: Sumilarv 0.5G biolarvicide was highly efficacious in its pupicidal effect, with an adult emergence inhibition rate of up to 90% in all conditions. In both laboratory and semifield experiments, the emergence inhibition was dose-dependent, with the lowest adult emergence being recorded in association with the highest Sumilarv 0.5G dose of 0.03 ppm of active ingredient. Under field conditions, the application rate recommended by the manufacturer – 5 mg ai per m2 – reduced the adult emergence rate by 90% to 96% for up to 5 weeks. Conclusion: We demonstrated the long-lasting biological activity of Sumilarv 0.5G under field conditions. Notably, the field efficacy was attained using the recommended dose of 5 mg per m2, thus making it economical to apply this product, which is capable of inhibiting mosquito productivity in natural habitats for longer periods than achieved by existing products, the efficacy of which is usually about 1 week.

scholarly journals The semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp from dwarf polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) is the "Green Revolution” gene Rht-B1b

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyue Chai ◽  
Qin Yao ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Xue Xiao ◽  
Xing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Triticum Polonicum ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Abstract Background The wheat dwarfing gene increases lodging resistance, the grain number per spike and harvest index. Dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB, DPW), initially collected from Tulufan, Xinjiang, China, carries a semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp on chromosome 4BS. However, Rht-dp and its dwarfing mechanism are unknown. Results Homologous cloning and mapping revealed that Rht-dp is the ‘Green Revolution’ gene Rht-B1b. A haplotype analysis in 59 tetraploid wheat accessions showed that Rht-B1b was only present in T. polonicum. Transcriptomic analysis of two pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of DPW × Tall Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB, TPW) revealed 41 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as potential dwarfism-related genes. Among them, 28 functionally annotated DEGs were classed into five sub-groups: hormone-related signalling transduction genes, transcription factor genes, cell wall structure-related genes, reactive oxygen-related genes, and nitrogen regulation-related genes. Conclusions These results indicated that Rht-dp is Rht-B1b, which regulates pathways related to hormones, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen assimilation to modify the cell wall structure, and then limits cell wall loosening and inhibits cell elongation, thereby causing dwarfism in DPW.

Biological Activity of Sumilarv 0.5G against Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis in Northern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Eliningaya J. Kweka ◽  
Aneth M. Mahande ◽  
Shandala Msangi ◽  
Subira Sayumwe ◽  
Johnson O. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Northern Tanzania

Background: Sumilarv 0.5G (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) is a granular insecticide developed for the control of mosquito and fly aquatic stages. The active ingredient is pyriproxyfen (4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2-(2 – pyridyloxy) propyl ether), a juvenile hormone analogue that acts as an insect growth regulator. Sumilarv 0.5G functions by inhibition of adult emergence from pupae. In this study, the Tropical Pesticides Research Institute in Tanzania carried out laboratory, semifield, and full-field evaluation on a new candidate of pupicide, Sumilarv 0.5G. The present study, therefore, sought to test the bioefficacy of Sumilarv 0.5G in laboratory, semifield, and full-field conditions in Mabogini, northern Tanzania. Methods: Standard World Health Organization laboratory bioefficacy evaluations of Sumilarv 0.5G and untreated microcosms were prepared and monitored for inhibition of the larvae introduced to the habitats, while field plots were monitored for 5 weeks after the introduction of Sumilarv 0.5G using manufacturer-recommended doses. Results: Sumilarv 0.5G biolarvicide was highly efficacious in its pupicidal effect, with an adult emergence inhibition rate of up to 90% in all conditions. In both laboratory and semifield experiments, the emergence inhibition was dose-dependent, with the lowest adult emergence being recorded in association with the highest Sumilarv 0.5G dose of 0.03 ppm of active ingredient. Under field conditions, the application rate recommended by the manufacturer – 5 mg ai per m2 – reduced the adult emergence rate by 90% to 96% for up to 5 weeks. Conclusion: We demonstrated the long-lasting biological activity of Sumilarv 0.5G under field conditions. Notably, the field efficacy was attained using the recommended dose of 5 mg per m2, thus making it economical to apply this product, which is capable of inhibiting mosquito productivity in natural habitats for longer periods than achieved by existing products, the efficacy of which is usually about 1 week.

scholarly journals Reply: Diabetogenic Potential of Ancestral and Modern Wheat Landraces, Nutrients 2017, 9, 816

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gorelick ◽  
Ludmila Yarmolinsky ◽  
Arie Budovsky ◽  
Boris Khalfin ◽  
Joshua Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Wheat Landraces

scholarly journals The semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp from dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) is the “Green Revolution” gene Rht-B1b

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyue Chai ◽  
Qin Yao ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Xue Xiao ◽  
Xing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Triticum Polonicum ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes

Abstract Background The wheat dwarfing gene improves lodging resistance, and increases the grain number per spike and harvest index. Dwarf polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB, DPW), initially collected from Tulufan, Xinjiang, China, carries a semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp on chromosome 4BS. However, Rht-dp and its dwarfing mechanism are unknown. Results Homologous cloning and fine mapping revealed that Rht-dp is the ‘Green Revolution’ gene Rht-B1b. A haplotype analysis showed that Rht-B1b was only present in T. polonicum. Transcriptomic analysis of two pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of DPW × TPW revealed 41 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as potential dwarfism-related genes. Among them, 28 functionally annotated DEGs were classed into five sub-groups: hormone-related signalling transduction genes, transcription factor genes, cell wall structure-related genes, reactive oxygen-related genes, and nitrogen regulation-related genes. Conclusions These results indicated that Rht-dp is Rht-B1b, which regulates pathways related to hormones, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen assimilation to modify the cell wall structure, and then limits cell wall loosening and inhibits cell elongation, thereby causing dwarfism in DPW.

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