White-Light-Emitting Decoding Sensing for Eight Frequently-Used Antibiotics Based on a Lanthanide Metal-Organic Framework

Developing multi-selective luminescence sensing technology to differentiate serial compounds is very important but challenging. White-light-emitting decoding sensing based on lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) is a promising candidate for multi-selective luminescence sensing application. In this work, three isomorphic Ln-MOFs based on H3dcpcpt (3-(3,5-dicarboxylphenyl)-5-(4-carboxylphenl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole) ligand, exhibiting red, blue, and green emission, respectively, have been synthesized by solvothermal reactions. The isostructural mixed Eu/Gd/Tb-dcpcpt is fabricated via the in-situ doping of different Ln3+ ions into the host framework, which can emit white light upon the excitation at 320 nm. It is noteworthy that this white-light-emitting complex could serve as a convenient luminescent platform for distinguishing eight frequently-used antibiotics: five through luminescence-color-changing processes (tetracycline hydrochloride, yellow; nitrofurazone, orange; nitrofurantoin, orange; sulfadiazine, blue; carbamazepine, blue) and three through luminescence quenching processes (metronidazole, dimetridazole, and ornidazole). Moreover, a novel method, 3D decoding map, has been proposed to realize multi-selective luminescence sensing applications. This triple-readout map features unique characteristics on luminescence color and mechanism. The mechanism has been systematically interpreted on the basis of the structural analysis, energy transfer and allocation process, and peak fitting analysis for photoluminescence spectra. This approach presents a promising strategy to explore luminescent platforms capable of effectively sensing serial compounds.