scholarly journals Robust Fault Protection Technique for Low-Voltage Active Distribution Networks Containing High Penetration of Converter-Interfaced Renewable Energy Resources

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Cui ◽  
Peng Zeng ◽  
Chunhe Song ◽  
Zhongfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Protection ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Small Fault

With the decentralization of the electricity market and the plea for a carbon-neutral ecosystem, more and more distributed generation (DG) has been incorporated in the power distribution grid, which is then known as active distribution network (ADN). The addition of DGs causes numerous control and protection confronts to the traditional distribution network. For instance, two-way power flow, small fault current, persistent fluctuation of generation and demand, and uncertainty of renewable energy sources (RESs). These problems are more challenging when the distribution network hosts many converter-coupled DGs. Hence, the traditional protection schemes and relaying methods are inadequate to protect ADNs against short-circuit faults and disturbances. We propose a robust communication-assisted fault protection technique for safely operating ADNs with high penetration of converter-coupled DGs. The proposed technique is realizable by employing digital relays available in the recent market and it aims to protect low-voltage (LV) ADNs. It also includes secondary protection that can be enabled when the communication facility or protection equipment fails to operate. In addition, this study provides the detail configuration of the digital relay that enables the devised protection technique. Several enhancements are derived, as alternative technique for the traditional overcurrent protection approach, to detect small fault current and high-impedance fault (HIF). A number of simulations are performed with the complete model of a real ADN, in Shenyang, China, employing the PSCAD software platform. Various cases, fault types and locations are considered for verifying the efficacy of the devised technique and the enabling digital relay. The obtained simulation findings verify the proposed protection technique is effective and reliable in protecting ADNs against various fault types that can occur at different locations.

scholarly journals Effect of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation on Short-Circuit Currents and Fault Detection in Distribution Networks: A Practical Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Daniel Alcala-Gonzalez ◽  
Eva Maria García del Toro ◽  
María Isabel Más-López ◽  
Santiago Pindado
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Short Circuits ◽  
Short Circuit Currents

The increase in the installation of renewable energy sources in electrical systems has changed the power distribution networks, and a new scenario regarding protection devices has arisen. Distributed generation (DG) might produce artificial delays regarding the performance of protection devices when acting as a result of short-circuits. In this study, the preliminary research results carried out to analyze the effect of renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, wind generation, etc.) on the protection devices of a power grid are described. In order to study this problem in a well-defined scenario, a quite simple distribution network (similar to the ones present in rural areas) was selected. The distribution network was divided into three protection zones so that each of them had DG. In the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) system 13 bus test feeder, the short-circuits with different levels of penetration were performed from 1 MVA to 3 MVA (that represent 25%, 50%, and 75% of the total load in the network). In the simulations carried out, it was observed that the installation of DG in this distribution network produced significant changes in the short-circuit currents, and the inadequate performance of the protection devices and the delay in their operating times (with differences of up to 180% in relation to the case without DG). The latter, that is, the impacts of photovoltaic DG on the reactions of protection devices in a radial distribution network, is the most relevant outcome of this work. These are the first results obtained from a research collaboration framework established by staff from ETSI Civil and the IDR/UPM Institute, to analyze the effect of renewable energy sources (as DG) on the protection devices of a radial distribution network.

scholarly journals Influence of FACTS Device Implementation on Performance of Distribution Network with Integrated Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5516
Author(s):  
Filip Relić ◽  
Predrag Marić ◽  
Hrvoje Glavaš ◽  
Ivica Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Facts Devices

In the modern power system, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices are widely used. An increased share of the distributed generation (DG) and the development of microgrids change the power flows in the existing distribution networks as well as a conventional power flow direction from the transmission to the distribution network level which may affect the overall stability aspects. The paper shows the FACTS devices’ implementation influence on the performance of the distribution network with integrated renewable energy sources (RES) observing the aspects of the oscillatory stability and the low-voltage motor starting. The FACTS devices, in particular the static var compensators (SVC), have been allocated according to a novel algorithm proposed in the paper. The algorithm uses an iterative process to determine an optimal location for implementation and rating power of SVC considering active power losses minimization, improvement of the voltage profile and maximizing return of investment (ROI) of FACTS devices. Novel constraints—transformer station construction constraint, SVC industrial nominal power value constraint and the constraint of distribution system operator (DSO) economic willingness to investment in the distribution network development are considered in the proposed algorithm. The analysis has been performed on 20 kV rural distribution network model in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.

scholarly journals Series FACTS controllers in industrial low voltage electrical distribution networks for reducing fault current levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1953
Author(s):  
Vishnu Charan Thippana ◽  
Alivelu Manga Parimi ◽  
Chandram Karri
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
Electrical Distribution

In this paper, series FACTS devices like Thyristor control series capacitor(TCSC)and Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) with designed control logic used to reduce the fault current located in LV distribution network at the LV busbar. The electrical distribution network in small and medium scale industries such as steel plants, process and power plants is through low voltage switchgear (LVS) fed from motor control centre (MCC) switchgear through step down transformer of 11kV or 33kV /415V. The designed switchgear in the LV side for these utilities usually is at 50kA. However, the process loads are continuously increasing and sustained with additional feeders with the existing switchgear. Consequently, the fault current at the busbar of the switchgear increases which may require the replacement of entire switchgear to the new design fault current. However, upgrading the existing switchgear is not an economical solution to the industries. Alternatively reducing the fault current at the busbar is feasible. Controller design implemented for reducing the short circuit current with series FACTS devices. A study carried on 800 MW Thermal power plant Ash handling LVS in ETAP and Matlab. It is observed that the results are encouraging to use series FACTS devices effectively in the LVS.

scholarly journals Adaptive Day-Ahead Prediction of Resilient Power Distribution Network Partitions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmay Shah ◽  
Richard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Power Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Network ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Islanded Mode

The conventional power distribution network is being transformed drastically due to high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage. The optimal scheduling and dispatch is important to better harness the energy from intermittent RES. Traditional centralized optimization techniques limit the size of the problem and hence distributed techniques are adopted. The distributed optimization technique partitions the power distribution network into sub-networks which solves the local sub problem and exchanges information with the neighboring sub-networks for the global update. This paper presents an adaptive spectral graph partitioning algorithm based on vertex migration while maintaining computational load balanced for synchronization, active power balance and sub-network resiliency. The parameters that define the resiliency metrics of power distribution networks are discussed and leveraged for better operation of sub-networks in grid connected mode as well as islanded mode. The adaptive partition of the IEEE 123-bus network into resilient sub-networks is demonstrated in this paper.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of DG infeed on the effective cover of distance protection scheme in mixed-MV distribution network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Saad Muftah Saad ◽  
Naser El Naily ◽  
Faisal A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distance Protection ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Modern Distribution

The environmental and economic features of renewable energy sources have made it possible to be integrated as Distributed Generation (DG) units in distribution networks and to be widely utilized in modern distribution systems. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, altering operational conditions, and the complex topology of active distribution networks makes the level of fault currents significantly variable. Thus, the use of distance protection scheme instead of conventional overcurrent schemes offers an appropriate alternative for protection of modern distribution networks. In this study, the effect of integrating multiple DG units on the effective cover of distance protection schemes and the coordination between various relays in the network was studied and investigated in radiology and meshed operational topologies. Also, in cases of islanded and grid-connected modes. An adaptive distance scheme has been proposed for adequate planning of protection schemes to protect complex networks with multiple distribution sources. The simplified simulated network implemented in NEPLAN represents a benchmark IEC microgrid. The comprehensive results show an effective protection measure for secured microgrid operation.Article History: Received October 18th 2017; Received in revised form May 17th 2018; Accepted July 8th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Saad, S.M., Naily, N.E. and Mohamed, F.A. (2018). Investigating the Effect of DG Infeed on the Effective Cover of Distance Protection Scheme in Mixed-MV Distribution Network. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(3), 223-231.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.223-231

scholarly journals Protection philosophy in low short-circuit capacity distribution grids with high penetration of converter-interfaced distributed renewable energy sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 4978-4988
Author(s):  
Spyros I. Gkavanoudis ◽  
Dimitrios Tampakis ◽  
Kyriaki-Nefeli D. Malamaki ◽  
Georgios C. Kryonidis ◽  
Eleftherios O. Kontis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Distribution Grids

scholarly journals Impacts of Placement of Wind Turbine Generators with Different Interfacing Technologies on Radial Distribution Feeder Fuse-Fuse Protection Coordination Scheme.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Kemei Peter Kirui ◽  
David K. Murage ◽  
Peter K. Kihato
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Wind Turbine Generators ◽  
Coordination Scheme

The ever increasing demand on the electrical energy has led to the diversification on the electrical energy generation technologies especially from the renewable energy sources like the wind and the solar PV. Micro-grids powered by distributed generators utilizing renewable energy sources are on the increase across the globe due to the natural abundance of the resources, the favorable government policies and the resources being environmentally friendly. However, since the electrical power distribution networks have always been passive networks, the connection of the distributed generations (DGs) into the network has associated several technical implications with distribution network protection and Over-Current Protective Devices (OCPDs) miss-coordination being one of the major issues. The need for a detailed assessment of the impacts of the wind turbine generation (WTGs) on the distribution networks operations has become critical. The penetration of the WTGs into a distribution network has great impacts on the short circuit current levels of the distribution network hence eventually affecting the OCPDs coordination time margins. The factors which contribute to these impacts are: The size of the WTG penetrating the distribution network, the location at which the WTG is connected on to the network and the Type of the WTG interfacing technology used. An important aspect of the WTGs impacts studies is to evaluate their short circuit current contribution into the distribution network under different fault conditions. The magnitudes of these short circuit currents, both the three phase and the single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults, are needed for sizing the various Over-Current Protective Devices (OCPDs) utilized in protecting the distribution network. The sizing of the OCPDs entails among other procedures coordinating them with both the upstream and the downstream OCPDs so that there is sufficient time margin between their Time Current Characteristic (TCC) curves. For Fuse-Fuse protection coordination, the ANSI/NEC rules stipulate that a minimum of 0.025seconds or more time margin should be maintained between the primary/downstream fuse and the secondary/upstream/back-up fuse. Due to the topological and operational differences between the different types of WTGs interfacing technologies, the electrical generators design industry has divided wind turbine generators into four different types labeled as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV. This paper presents a detailed study of the impacts brought upon by integrating wind turbine generators on a conventional Fuse-Fuse protection coordination scheme. A conventional Fuse-Fuse protection coordination scheme was modeled in Electrical Transients Analysis Program (ETAP) software and WTG with different interfacing technologies connected. A study of the impacts brought by the integration of the WTGs on Fuse-Fuse Miss-coordination was performed. IEEE 13 Node Radial Distribution Test Feeder was used for the study.

scholarly journals Improved Faulted Phase Selection Algorithm for Distance Protection under High Penetration of Renewable Energies

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Eduardo Martínez Carrasco ◽  
María Paz Comech Moreno ◽  
María Teresa Villén Martínez ◽  
Samuel Borroy Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Distance Protection ◽  
Phase Selection ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Analysis Of Results

The high penetration of renewable energies will affect the performance of present protection algorithms due to fault current injection from generators based on power electronics. This paper explains the process followed for analyzing this effect on distance protection and the development of a new algorithm that improves its performance in such a scenario. First of all, four commercial protection relays were tested before fault current contribution from photovoltaic system and full converter wind turbines using the hardware in the loop technique. The analysis of results obtained, jointly with a theoretical analysis based on commonly used protection strategy of superimposed quantities, lead to a conclusion about the cause of observed wrong behaviors of present protection algorithms under a high penetration of renewables. According to these conclusions, a new algorithm has been developed to improve the detection of faulted phase selection and directionality on distance protection under a short circuit current fed by renewable energy sources.

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