scholarly journals Effects of Gait Strategy and Speed on Regularity of Locomotion Assessed in Healthy Subjects Using a Multi-Sensor Method

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Rabuffetti ◽  
Giovanni Scalera ◽  
Maurizio Ferrarin
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Acceleration Vector ◽  
Body Location

The regularity of pseudo-periodic human movements, including locomotion, can be assessed by autocorrelation analysis of measurements using inertial sensors. Though sensors are generally placed on the trunk or pelvis, movement regularity can be assessed at any body location. Pathological factors are expected to reduce regularity either globally or on specific anatomical subparts. However, other non-pathological factors, including gait strategy (walking and running) and speed, modulate locomotion regularity, thus potentially confounding the identification of the pathological factor. The present study’s objectives were (1) to define a multi-sensor method based on the autocorrelation analysis of the acceleration module (norm of the acceleration vector) to quantify regularity; (2) to conduct an experimental study on healthy adult subjects to quantify the effect on movement regularity of gait strategy (walking and running at the same velocity), gait speed (four speeds, lower three for walking, upper two for running), and sensor location (on four different body parts). Twenty-five healthy adults participated and four triaxial accelerometers were located on the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), pelvis, wrist, and ankle. The results showed that increasing velocity was associated with increasing regularity only for walking, while no difference in regularity was observed between walking and running. Regularity was generally highest at C7 and ankle, and lowest at the wrist. These data confirm and complement previous literature on regularity assessed on the trunk, and will support future analyses on individuals or groups with specific pathologies affecting locomotor functions.

Deadlift Recognition and Application based on Multiple Modalities using Recurrent Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (17) ◽  
pp. 2-1-2-6
Author(s):  
Shih-Wei Sun ◽  
Ting-Chen Mou ◽  
Pao-Chi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Multimodal Sensing ◽  
Multiple Devices ◽  
Neural Network Structure

To improve the workout efficiency and to provide the body movement suggestions to users in a “smart gym” environment, we propose to use a depth camera for capturing a user’s body parts and mount multiple inertial sensors on the body parts of a user to generate deadlift behavior models generated by a recurrent neural network structure. The contribution of this paper is trifold: 1) The multimodal sensing signals obtained from multiple devices are fused for generating the deadlift behavior classifiers, 2) the recurrent neural network structure can analyze the information from the synchronized skeletal and inertial sensing data, and 3) a Vaplab dataset is generated for evaluating the deadlift behaviors recognizing capability in the proposed method.

scholarly journals Functional cervicothoracic boundary modified by anatomical shifts in the neck of giraffes

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megu Gunji ◽  
Hideki Endo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neck Movement ◽  
Similar Shape ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Longus Colli

Here we examined the kinematic function of the morpho- logically unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes. The first thoracic vertebra of the giraffe displayed similar shape to the seventh cervical vertebra in general ruminants. The flexion experiment using giraffe carcasses demonstrated that the first thoracic vertebra exhibited a higher dorsoventral mobility than other thoracic vertebrae. Despite the presence of costovertebral joints, restriction in the intervertebral movement imposed by ribs is minimized around the first thoracic vertebra by subtle changes of the articular system between the vertebra and ribs. The attachment area of musculus longus colli , mainly responsible for ventral flexion of the neck, is partly shifted posteriorly in the giraffe so that the force generated by muscles is exerted on the cervical vertebrae and on the first thoracic vertebra. These anatomical modifications allow the first thoracic vertebra to adopt the kinematic function of a cervical vertebra in giraffes. The novel movable articulation in the thorax functions as a fulcrum of neck movement and results in a large displacement of reachable space in the cranial end of the neck. The unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes provides higher flexibility to the neck and may provide advantages for high browsing and/or male competition behaviours specific to giraffes.

scholarly journals Osseous hemangioma of the seventh cervical vertebra with osteoid formation mimicking metastasis: a case report

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lakemeier ◽  
Christina Carolin Westhoff ◽  
Susanne Fuchs-Winkelmann ◽  
Markus Dietmar Schofer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Osteoid Formation

Color words in literary Russian: Connotations and gender differences in use

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mostovaia
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
And Gender ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Word Frequencies

AbstractConnotations, or the semantic prosodies of words, are associations acquired through exposure to diverse contexts and may be different for the same language item used by different speakers or groups of speakers. In order to compare connotations of the same language item between groups, tools of comparison are of interest. One such tool is analysis of word frequencies in contexts. This article considers a few hypotheses on gender-linked differences in the use of color words in Russian literary texts. Frequencies of total use of color words, and then of color words modifying nouns referring to body parts, color words modifying nouns referring to clothes, color words which have emotional connotations and of color words used to describe elements of landscape are compared for texts authored by women or by men. For the first three subcategories, it was hypothesized that women on average use more color adjectives in this category than men do. For the last category, it was hypothesized that men use more color adjectives in this category than women do. Two studies have been done to verify these hypotheses. Only the last hypothesis, on greater frequency of color words used to describe landscape in men-authored texts, has been confirmed at a statistically significant level. The hypotheses that women use a greater number of total color adjectives on average, and that women use more color adjectives to modify nouns referring to body parts and clothes, were each confirmed at a marginal level of statistical significance.Another avenue for investigating the limits of the concept “connotation” uses syntactic tests. One can say that a number of phrases in Russian are (un)acceptable or highly unusual because there exists a recurring connotation connecting a certain color with a certain state of affairs. However, it is questionable whether connotations limited to a sociolinguistic group can be tested using syntactic tests.

scholarly journals Calcium Phosphate Deposition Disease in Great Danes

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Woodard ◽  
R. P. Shields ◽  
H. C. Aldrich ◽  
R. L. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Calcium Pyrophosphate ◽  
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra

A new clinicopathologic syndrome, possibly familial, in Great Dane dogs, resembles the familial childhood variant of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposit disease in man, except that the mineral deposits were composed of amorphous calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite rather than pyrophosphate. The syndrome was characterized clinically by paraplegia and incoordination in very young puppies which was caused by concentric constriction of the posterior cervical spinal cord. Canal stenosis resulted from dorsal displacement of the seventh cervical vertebra and deformation of the vertebral articular processes. Mineral deposition in the diarthrodial joints of the axial skeleton could be seen on radiographs of weanling puppies, and the appendicular skeleton became involved as the dogs matured. Periarticular mineralization of the limbs was associated with shorter bones, a thin cortex, abnormal bone curvature, and increased medullary trabeculae. Bone alterations were associated with abnormalities of the growth plate, which had focal areas of cartilage calcification. Soft tissue mineralization, seen in all dogs, was a primary feature of the disease process. Serum calcium concentrations were within the normal range, but serum phosphorus concentrations were decreased.

Electrode Configuration for Auditory Brainstem Response Audiometry

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Joyce King ◽  
Yvonne S. Sininger
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Vertical Channel ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Channel Effects ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Recording Conditions

A vertical recording montage (C z to the seventh cervical vertebra or C 7 ) has been shown to yield significantly lower auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold when compared with a horizontal or anterior-posterior montage (Sininger & Don, 1989). The present study further examines the relationship between electrode placement and the amplitude of the ABR to low-level stimuli. Four electrode arrays were compared—the commonly-used clinical configuration of forehead to ipsilateral mastoid, the vertical array from the previous study (C z to C 7 ), and two additional montages employing linked mastoids as reference to either the vertex or forehead electrode. ABRs were recorded simultaneously in four channels in response to 8000 click stimuli at 10, 20, and 30 dB SL from 9 male and 9 female adult subjects with normal hearing. The effect of electrode channel was significant at <.0001, with the vertical channel revealing the largest wave V amplitudes at all stimulus levels. Female subjects, as expected, produced larger ABR amplitudes than male subjects in all recording conditions, but electrode-channel effects were independent of gender.

scholarly journals Computed tomographic features of tracheal shapes and dimensions in awake dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
S. Lim ◽  
J. Jeong ◽  
HG Heng ◽  
S. Sung ◽  
Y. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Circular Shape ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Different Shapes

There are several reports in the veterinary literature on tracheal assessment; however, there is a lack of studies on the trachea in voluntarily breathing dogs. The aim of this study was to describe the natural shape of the trachea in awake dogs and to assess tracheal dimensions and the width-to-height ratio. Thoracic computed tomographic images of awake small breed dogs without any signs of respiratory malfunction (n = 19) were evaluated. Each trachea was categorised into one of four different shapes: circular, horseshoe, crescent or focal dorsal invagination. The circular shape was prominent, particularly in the thoracic inlet and intrathoracic area, while the horseshoe shape was also normally present. In this group of normal dogs, there were no crescent-shaped tracheas, but focally invaginated tracheas were observed. The mean tracheal heights at five locations, namely the caudal endplate of the fourth cervical vertebra, cranial endplate of the seventh cervical vertebra, mid-body of the first thoracic vertebra, mid-body of the third thoracic vertebra, and 1 cm cranial to the carina were 9.12, 8.96, 9.34, 9.88 and 10.16 mm, respectively. The widths at these same sites were 12.26, 10.42, 10.07, 9.82 and 10.23 mm, respectively. The width-to-height ratios of each tracheal location were 1.38, 1.20, 1.10, 1.01 and 1.03, the last two of which are consistent with the circular shape of the intrathoracic trachea. Multi-detector computed tomography under non-general anaesthesia is a non-invasive and unparalleled imaging tool for describing tracheal appearance in healthy awake dogs.

scholarly journals VI-Net—View-Invariant Quality of Human Movement Assessment

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5258
Author(s):  
Faegheh Sardari ◽  
Adeline Paiement ◽  
Sion Hannuna ◽  
Majid Mirmehdi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Single View ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Two Stages

We propose a view-invariant method towards the assessment of the quality of human movements which does not rely on skeleton data. Our end-to-end convolutional neural network consists of two stages, where at first a view-invariant trajectory descriptor for each body joint is generated from RGB images, and then the collection of trajectories for all joints are processed by an adapted, pre-trained 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) (e.g., VGG-19 or ResNeXt-50) to learn the relationship amongst the different body parts and deliver a score for the movement quality. We release the only publicly-available, multi-view, non-skeleton, non-mocap, rehabilitation movement dataset (QMAR), and provide results for both cross-subject and cross-view scenarios on this dataset. We show that VI-Net achieves average rank correlation of 0.66 on cross-subject and 0.65 on unseen views when trained on only two views. We also evaluate the proposed method on the single-view rehabilitation dataset KIMORE and obtain 0.66 rank correlation against a baseline of 0.62.

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