Comportamento de tecidos à implantação de partículas esféricas de limalha

Introduction os spherical alloys particles (size range from 15 to 70 micra) in the back at the level of the first thoracic vertebra of 24 male rats, 60 days old, for a period of time of 12, 13, 14 and 15 months, shows no alteration in the connective tissue, striate muscle, fatty tissue, brown fatty tissue, nerve fibres and hair follicle.

To the X-ray characterization of the accessory pulmonary lobe of the azygos vein (lobus azygos)

The occurrence of an anomaly of the upper lobe of the right lung is due to an unusual passage of the azygos vein. In the process of embryonic development, the azygos vein is initially located in the posterior mediastinum to the right of the spine, reaches the level of the IV-V thoracic vertebra, here it bends through the root of the right lung and flows into the superior vena cava.

Randomized trial comparing the spread of erector spinae block with the combination of erector spinae block and retrolaminar block in soft embalmed Thiel cadavers

BackgroundErector spinae plane (ESP) and retrolaminar (RL) blocks show unreliable spread. We hypothesize that the combination of ESP and RL blocks provides more extensive and reliable spread of dye than single ESP blocks. Our primary objective was to compare the spread of dye to the paravertebral spaces after the combination block and ESP block in Thiel embalmed cadavers. Spread, the primary end point, was defined as the number of paravertebral spaces colored with dye per injection.Materials and methodsA single anesthetist performed ultrasound-guided ESP (20 mL) and combination of ESP and RL (10 mL each) blocks at the third thoracic vertebra of eight soft embalmed Thiel cadavers. Tissue displacement was visualized on an adjacent strain elastography image. Cadavers were dissected 24 hours later and anatomical structures were inspected for the presence of dye.FindingsDye was visualized in more paravertebral spaces with the combination block (median 3 (IQR 3–5 (range 0–8)) vs 1.5 (IQR 0.25–2.75 (range 0–3) and difference (1.5 (0–4), p=0.04). Six out of seven (86%) combined erector spinae and RL blocks spread to at least three paravertebral spaces compared with two out of eight (25%) ESP blocks (RR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 11.8; p=0.04). Contralateral spread occurred in three combination blocks and in one ESP block (OR 9.0, 95% CI 4.0 to 21.1; p<0.001).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the combination of ESP and RL blocks was more extensive and reliable than ESP block alone.

Multifactor Analysis of Costal Pain in Osteoporotic Fracture of Thoracic Vertebra

BACKGROUND: The costal pain is common in thoracic osteoporotic fracture patients. It is unclear why vertebral fracture patients without any specific nerve impingement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) present with costal pain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential causes of costal pain in patients with osteoporotic fracture of thoracic vertebra. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Shandong province, China. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 100 patients with thoracic osteoporotic fractures were collected and assigned into 2 groups on the basis of pain patterns noted during medical history and physical examination. Group A was comprised of 50 patients with costal pain. Group B was comprised of 50 patients without costal pain. The Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were recorded to assess the pattern and severity of pain. The gender, age, presence or absence of trauma, time of fracture, fracture segments, and analgesic application were recorded. Computed tomography data including changes in fracture vertebral body shape (height, width, and length), intervertebral foramen shape (height and width), wedge shape of fractured vertebral body, and local kyphosis angle were recorded. The fracture edema signal was determined by MRI. Multivariate analysis was performed for all the above parameters. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the vertebral body width between the 2 groups. LIMITATIONS: The number of patients enrolled is not large enough. We also have limitations in interpreting all pains resulting from osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, because all pain mechanisms are not fully understood. Further work is needed to improve the accuracy of locating pain sources and distinguishing pain patterns which may result from other spinal structures. CONCLUSION: The incidence of costal pain is significantly and positively associated with the width of the fractured vertebra in patients with osteoporotic thoracic vertebrae fracture. KEY WORDS: Osteoporosis fracture; thoracic vertebrae; costal pain; nonmidline pain; intervertebral foramen; sympathetic nerve