scholarly journals Minimizing the Energy Hole Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Wedge Merging Approach

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Sharmin ◽  
Amit Karmaker ◽  
William Luke Lambert ◽  
Mohammad Shah Alam ◽  
MST Shamim Ara Shawkat
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Energy Hole ◽  
Head Node ◽  
Energy Hole Problem

The Energy hole problem, a common phenomenon in wireless sensor networks, significantly decreases the lifetime of any deployed network. Some of the popular techniques to minimize such problems are using mobile sinks instead of static sinks, extending the transmission range dynamically, and deploying redundant sensor nodes near the base station/sink. The major drawback to these techniques are that energy holes may still be created at some point due to their static nature of deployment, despite having the overall residual energy very high. In this research work, we adopt a new approach by dividing the whole network into equiangular wedges and merging a wedge with its neighboring wedge dynamically whenever individual residual energy of all member nodes of a wedge fall below a threshold value. We also propose an efficient Head Node (HN) selection scheme to reduce the transmission energy needed for forwarding data packets among Head Nodes. Simulation results show that WEMER, our proposed WEdge MERging based scheme, provides significantly higher lifetime and better energy efficiency compared to state-of-the-art Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) and contemporary Concentric Clustering Scheme (CCS), and Multilayer Cluster Designing Algorithm (MCDA).

A Non-Uniform Node Distribution Policy for Routing Holes Avoidance

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 1424-1429
Author(s):  
Ran Yan ◽  
Yun Yang ◽  
Xiu Ping Kong ◽  
Wen Chun Xu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Hole ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
Energy Hole Problem

The wireless sensor networks are mainly employed on purpose of collection or supervision hence most of the data will flow into the base station finally. And the quantity asymmetry resulted from more source nodes often much more than the target nodes leads to unbalance of network traffic. As a result, nodes which are near the base station cost more energy, and this is the so-called "hot spot" effect followed by the energy hole problem. Aiming at these problems, this paper introduces a non-uniform distribution strategy on the basis of the MEBC algorithm (Mult-energy Balance Clustering Hierarchy), so that the inner layer has more number of nodes. Through theoretical and experimental simulation, the non-uniform node distribution strategy can effectively deal with the hot spot effect, realize the suboptimal balance of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, and is effective to alleviate the energy hole problem. In addition, the simulation shows that with the expansion of network scale, it does not shorten network life cycle because of the non-uniform distribution strategy. Therefore the non-uniform distribution strategy is a good solution to the problem of large-scale network deployment.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Schemes for Energy-Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Taleb ◽  
Mejdi Kaddour
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Topic Clustering

Abstract Extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) while delivering the expected level of service remains a hot research topic. Clustering has been identified in the literature as one of the primary means to save communication energy. In this paper, we argue that hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) provides a suitable foundation for designing highly energy efficient communication protocols for WSNs. To this end, we study a new mechanism for selecting cluster heads (CHs) based both on the physical location of the sensors and their residual energy. Furthermore, we study different patterns of communications between the CHs and the base station depending on the possible transmission ranges and the ability of the sensors to act as traffic relays. Simulation results show that our proposed clustering and communication schemes outperform well-knows existing approaches by comfortable margins. In particular, networks lifetime is increased by more than 60% compared to LEACH and HEED, and by more than 30% compared to K-means clustering.

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