A Non-Uniform Node Distribution Policy for Routing Holes Avoidance

The wireless sensor networks are mainly employed on purpose of collection or supervision hence most of the data will flow into the base station finally. And the quantity asymmetry resulted from more source nodes often much more than the target nodes leads to unbalance of network traffic. As a result, nodes which are near the base station cost more energy, and this is the so-called "hot spot" effect followed by the energy hole problem. Aiming at these problems, this paper introduces a non-uniform distribution strategy on the basis of the MEBC algorithm (Mult-energy Balance Clustering Hierarchy), so that the inner layer has more number of nodes. Through theoretical and experimental simulation, the non-uniform node distribution strategy can effectively deal with the hot spot effect, realize the suboptimal balance of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, and is effective to alleviate the energy hole problem. In addition, the simulation shows that with the expansion of network scale, it does not shorten network life cycle because of the non-uniform distribution strategy. Therefore the non-uniform distribution strategy is a good solution to the problem of large-scale network deployment.