scholarly journals A Generic Sequential Stimulation Adapter for Reducing Muscle Fatigue during Functional Electrical Stimulation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7248
Author(s):  
Gongkai Ye ◽  
Saima S. Ali ◽  
Austin J. Bergquist ◽  
Milos R. Popovic ◽  
Kei Masani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Electrical Stimulator ◽  
Pulse Characteristics

Background: Clinical applications of conventional functional electrical stimulation (FES) administered via a single electrode are limited by rapid onset neuromuscular fatigue. “Sequential” (SEQ) stimulation, involving the rotation of pulses between multiple active electrodes, has been shown to reduce fatigue compared to conventional FES. However, there has been limited adoption of SEQ in research and clinical settings. Methods: The SEQ adapter is a small, battery-powered device that transforms the output of any commercially available electrical stimulator into SEQ stimulation. We examined the output of the adaptor across a range of clinically relevant stimulation pulse parameters to verify the signal integrity preservation ability of the SEQ adapter. Pulse frequency, amplitude, and duration were varied across discrete states between 4 and 200 Hz, 10 and100 mA, and 50 and 2000 μs, respectively. Results: A total of 420 trials were conducted, with 80 stimulation pulses per trial. The SEQ adapter demonstrated excellent preservation of signal integrity, matching the pulse characteristics of the originating stimulator within 1% error. The SEQ adapter operates as expected at pulse frequencies up to 160 Hz, failing at a frequency of 200 Hz. Conclusion: The SEQ adapter represents an effective and low-cost solution to increase the utilization of SEQ in existing rehabilitation paradigms.

scholarly journals A generic sequential stimulation adapter for reducing muscle fatigue during functional electrical stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongkai Ye ◽  
Saima Ali ◽  
Austin J. Bergquist ◽  
Milos R. Popovic ◽  
Kei Masani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Electrical Stimulator ◽  
Pulse Characteristics

AbstractBackgroundClinical applications of conventional functional electrical stimulation (FES) administered via a single electrode is limited by rapid onset neuromuscular fatigue. “Sequential” (SEQ) stimulation, involving rotation of pulses between multiple active electrodes, has been shown to reduce fatigue compared to conventional FES. However, there has been limited adoption of SEQ in research and clinical settings.MethodsThe SEQ adapter is a small, battery-powered device that transforms the output of any commercially available electrical stimulator into SEQ stimulation. We examined the output of the adaptor across a range of clinically relevant stimulation pulse parameters to verify the signal integrity preservation ability of the SEQ adapter. Pulse frequency, amplitude, and duration were varied across discrete states between 4-200 Hz, 10-100 mA, and 50-2000 μs, respectively.ResultsA total of 420 trials were conducted, with 80 stimulation pulses per trial. The SEQ adapter demonstrated excellent preservation of signal integrity, matching the pulse characteristics of the originating stimulator within 1% error. The SEQ adapter operates as expected at pulse frequencies up to 160 Hz, with a noted failure mode at 200 Hz.ConclusionThe SEQ adapter represents an effective and low-cost solution to increase the utilization of SEQ in existing rehabilitation paradigms.

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Functional Electrical Stimulation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Kirsch ◽  
Naji A. Alibeji ◽  
Nitin Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Control Lyapunov Function ◽  
Predictive Controller

One of the major limitations of functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the rapid onset of muscle fatigue. Minimizing stimulation is the key to decreasing the adverse effects of muscle fatigue caused by FES. Optimal control can be used to compute the minimum amount of stimulation necessary to produce a desired motion. In this paper, a gradient projection-based model predictive controller is used for an approximate optimal control of a knee extension neuroprosthesis. A control Lyapunov function is used as a terminal cost to ensure stability of the model predictive control.

scholarly journals Functional electrical stimulation with surface electrodes

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadej Bajd ◽  
Marincek Crt ◽  
Marko Munih
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulator

The review investigates the objective evidences of benefits derived from surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) of lower and upper extremities for people after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. FES can offer noticeable benefits in walking ability. It can be efficiently combined with treadmill and body weight support. Voluntary muscle strength and endurance gain can be achieved through FES assisted gait training together with increased gait velocity in absence of electrical stimulator. Cyclic FES, FES augmented by biofeedback, and FES used in various daily activities can result in substantial improvements of the voluntary control of upper extremities.

RESIDUAL CAPABILITIES OF HEMIPLEGIC PATIENTS TO RESTORE HAND FUNCTIONS VIA A NON-INVASIVE FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION SYSTEM

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
YING-HAN CHIOU ◽  
JER-JUNN LUH ◽  
SHIH-CHING CHEN ◽  
JIN-SHIN LAI ◽  
TE-SON KUO
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hand Functions ◽  
Electrical Stimulator

Control strategies are the chief attraction in the field of rehabilitation engineering, and especially in a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system, a reliable control method is important for paralyzed patients to restore lost their functions. In this paper, we have presented a demonstration of the control strategy, which is based on the patient-driven loop, used in a non-invasive FES system for hand function restoration. With the patient-driven loop control, hemiplegic patients could use their residual capabilities, such as shoulder movements in their sound extremities, the myoelectric signals generated from different muscles, etc, to operate the FES system. Here we have chosen the most common and acceptable signals as the input sources, i.e. electromyographic (EMG) signals, to control a non-invasive FES system, generating the electrical stimuli to excite the paralyzed muscles. In addition, EMG signals recorded by the sensors in the electrical stimulator can serve both as the trigger of the system and as the adjustment of the electrical stimulation parameters, thereby improving the system's performance and reliability. From the experimental results, subjects can successfully use their residual capabilities to control the FES system and restore their lost hand functions as well. On the other hand, from the viewpoints of rehabilitation and psychology, hemiplegics will benefit greatly by using their residual capabilities to regain their lost functions. It is believed that the patient-driven loop control is very useful, not only for the FES system in this study, but also for other assistive devices. By the control strategy proposed in this paper, we deeply hope that patients will benefit greatly and regain their self-confidence.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Biofeedback System for Electromyogram-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy: An Indo-German Feasibility Study

ISRN Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alakananda Banerjee ◽  
Bhawna Khattar ◽  
Anirban Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Biofeedback System ◽  
Normative Value ◽  
Support Phase

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) facilitates ambulatory function after paralysis by activating the muscles of the lower extremities. The FES-assisted stepping can either be triggered by a heel-swich, or by an electromyogram-(EMG-) based gait event detector. A group of six chronic (>6 months poststroke) hemiplegic stroke survivors underwent transcutaneous FES-assisted training for 1 hour on stepping task with EMG biofeedback from paretic tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (GM) muscles, where the stimulation of the paretic TA or GM was triggered with surface EMG from the same muscle. During the baseline, postintervention, and 2-day-postintervention assessments, a total of 5 minutes of surface EMG was recorded from paretic GM and TA muscles during volitional treadmill walking. Two-way ANOVA showed significant effects in terms of P values for the 6 stroke subjects, 0.002, the 3 assessments, 0, and the interaction between subjects and assessments, 6.21E-19. The study showed a significant improvement from baseline in paretic GM and TA muscles coordination during volitional treadmill walking. Moreover, it was found that the EMG-triggered FES-assisted therapy for stand-to-walk transition helped in convergence of the deviation in centroidal angular momentum from the normative value to a quasi-steady state during the double-support phase of the nonparetic. Also, the observational gait analysis showed improvement in ankle plantarflexion during late stance, knee flexion, and ground clearance of the foot during swing phase of the gait.

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Post-Stroke Cognitive Rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Convento ◽  
Cristina Russo ◽  
Luca Zigiotto ◽  
Nadia Bolognini
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stimulation Technique

Abstract. Cognitive rehabilitation is an important area of neurological rehabilitation, which aims at the treatment of cognitive disorders due to acquired brain damage of different etiology, including stroke. Although the importance of cognitive rehabilitation for stroke survivors is well recognized, available cognitive treatments for neuropsychological disorders, such as spatial neglect, hemianopia, apraxia, and working memory, are overall still unsatisfactory. The growing body of evidence supporting the potential of the transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) as tool for interacting with neuroplasticity in the human brain, in turn for enhancing perceptual and cognitive functions, has obvious implications for the translation of this noninvasive brain stimulation technique into clinical settings, in particular for the development of tES as adjuvant tool for cognitive rehabilitation. The present review aims at presenting the current state of art concerning the use of tES for the improvement of post-stroke visual and cognitive deficits (except for aphasia and memory disorders), showing the therapeutic promises of this technique and offering some suggestions for the design of future clinical trials. Although this line of research is still in infancy, as compared to the progresses made in the last years in other neurorehabilitation domains, current findings appear very encouraging, supporting the development of tES for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairments.

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