scholarly journals Structural Health Monitoring in Composite Structures: A Comprehensive Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Sahar Hassani ◽  
Mohsen Mousavi ◽  
Amir H. Gandomi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Acoustic Modulation

This study presents a comprehensive review of the history of research and development of different damage-detection methods in the realm of composite structures. Different fields of engineering, such as mechanical, architectural, civil, and aerospace engineering, benefit excellent mechanical properties of composite materials. Due to their heterogeneous nature, composite materials can suffer from several complex nonlinear damage modes, including impact damage, delamination, matrix crack, fiber breakage, and voids. Therefore, early damage detection of composite structures can help avoid catastrophic events and tragic consequences, such as airplane crashes, further demanding the development of robust structural health monitoring (SHM) algorithms. This study first reviews different non-destructive damage testing techniques, then investigates vibration-based damage-detection methods along with their respective pros and cons, and concludes with a thorough discussion of a nonlinear hybrid method termed the Vibro-Acoustic Modulation technique. Advanced signal processing, machine learning, and deep learning have been widely employed for solving damage-detection problems of composite structures. Therefore, all of these methods have been fully studied. Considering the wide use of a new generation of smart composites in different applications, a section is dedicated to these materials. At the end of this paper, some final remarks and suggestions for future work are presented.

Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Structures Using Guided Lamb Waves

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnan Balasubramaniam ◽  
B.V. Soma Sekhar ◽  
J. Vishnu Vardan ◽  
C.V. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Lamb Waves ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Structural Health

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of aircrafts is of great relevance in the present age aircraft industry. The present study demonstrates three techniques that have the potential for the SHM of multi-layered composite structures. The first technique is based on multi-transmitter-multireceiver (MTMR) technique with tomographic methods used for data reconstruction. In the MTMR, the possibility of SHM using algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) for tomographic imaging with Lamb wave data measured in realistic materials is examined. Defects (through holes and low velocity impact delaminations) were synthetic and have been chosen to simulate impact damage in composite plates. The second technique is a single-transmitter-multi-receiver (STMR) technique that is more compact and uses reconstruction techniques that are analogous to synthetic aperture techniques. The reconstruction algorithm uses summation of the phase shifted signals to image the location of defects, portions of the plate edges, and any reflectors from inherent structural features of the component. The third technique involves a linear array of sensors across a stiffener for the detection of disbanded regions.

Embedded Sensitivity Functions for Improving the Effectiveness of Vibro-Acoustic Modulation and Damage Detection on Wind Turbine Blades

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette J. Meyer ◽  
Douglas E. Adams ◽  
Janene Silvers
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Sensitivity Functions ◽  
Acoustic Modulation ◽  
Sensor Locations

In structural health monitoring, it is desirable to select sensor locations in order to minimize the number of sensors required for and the cost associated with an on-board monitoring system. When using a frequency response-based structural health monitoring technique, data measured at sensor locations which exhibit the greatest change in frequency response function (FRF) due to damage are expected to maximize the effectiveness of the chosen technique. In this work, an embedded sensitivity function is presented which identifies the sensor locations at which the maximum differences in FRFs due to damage at a known location will be observed. The formulation of the embedded sensitivity function is based on FRFs measured on a healthy structure in the frequency range in which the damage detection technique will be applied. The effectiveness of the embedded sensitivity functions in predicting the most effective sensor locations is demonstrated by applying a vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) damage detection method to a residential-scale wind turbine blade. First, data from the healthy blade is acquired and the embedded sensitivity functions are calculated. Then, the blade is damaged and the VAM method is applied using several sensor locations. The data acquired using sensor locations identified by the embedded sensitivity functions as being most effective are shown to most clearly identify the damage on the blade.

Damage Detection for SMC Benchmark Problem: A Subspace-Based Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1640025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wensong Zhou ◽  
Shunlong Li ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Benchmark Problems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Benchmark Problem ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Structural Health

A full-scale bridge benchmark problem was issued by the Center of Structural Monitoring and Control at the Harbin Institute of Technology. The data used in this problem were collected by an in situ structural health monitoring system implemented into a full-scale cable-stayed bridge before and after the bridge was damaged, which is very rare in structural health monitoring field. This benchmark problem will help to verify and/or make comparison of the condition assessment and the damage detection methods, which are usually validated by numerical simulation and/or laboratory testing of small-scale structures with assumed deterioration models and artificial damage. With respect to damage detection of girder, one of the benchmark problems, using the monitored and field testing acceleration data, this paper describes a damage detection method, based on a residual generated from a subspace-based covariance-driven identification method, to detect the damage, and give relative quantitative damage indexes. This method was applied on both two parts of the given benchmark problem, and then detailed discussions and results on this problem are reported in this paper.

scholarly journals Impact Damage Detection in Composite Plates using a Self-diagnostic Electro-Mechanical Impedance-based Structural Health Monitoring System

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sharif-Khodaei ◽  
M. Ghajari ◽  
M. H. Aliabadi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Health Monitoring System ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Faulty Sensors

In this work, application of the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method in structural health monitoring as a damage detection technique has been investigated. A damage metric based on the real and imaginary parts of the impedance measures is introduced. Numerical and experimental tests are carried out to investigate the applicability of the method for various types of damage, such as debonding between the transducers and the plate, faulty sensors and impact damage in composite plates. The effect of several parameters, such as environmental effects, frequency sweep, severity of damage, location of damage, etc., on the damage metric has been reported.

Structural Health Monitoring of Bonded Patch Repaired Composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 713 ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Lambinet ◽  
Zahra Sharif Khodaei ◽  
M.H. Ferri Aliabadi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Repair Patch ◽  
Bonded Repair ◽  
First Case

Bonded repair of composite structures still remains a crucial concern for the airworthiness authorities because of the uncertainty about the repair quality. This works, investigates the applicability of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques for monitoring of bonded repair. Active sensing method has been applied to two case studies: a sensorised panel impacted to cause barely visible impact damage (BVID) and repaired afterwards, the tensile and fatigue testing of a composite strap repair. In the first case, the previous sensors have been used to detect an artificially introduced damage. In the second case the failure of the adhesive during the tensile testing is used as basis of the load levels in the tensile-tensile fatigue test. In both cases PZT transducers have been used to monitor the bonded patch. An electromechanical impedance (EMI) and Lamb wave analysis have been carried out to check the overall integrity of the repair patch between. In both cases the state of the repaired composite was monitored successfully and reported.

scholarly journals Piezo-Optical Active Sensing With PWAS and FBG Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lin ◽  
Victor Giurgiutiu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Fbg Sensors

This paper presents the investigation of piezo-optical active sensing methodology for structural health monitoring (SHM). Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) have emerged as one of the major structural health monitoring (SHM) technology; with the same installation of PWAS transducers, one can apply a variety of damage detection methods; propagating acousto-ultrasonic waves, standing waves (electromechanical impedance) and phased arrays. In recent years, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) sensors have been investigated as an alternative to piezoelectric sensors for the detection of ultrasonic waves. FBG have the advantage of being durable, lightweight, and easily embeddable into composite structures as well as being immune to electromagnetic interference and optically multiplexed. In this paper, the investigation focused on the interaction of PWAS and FBG sensors with structure, and combining multiple monitoring and interrogation methods (AE, pitch-catch, pulse-echo, phased-array, thickness mode, electromechanical impedance). The innovative piezo-optical active sensing system consists of both active and passive sensing. PWAS and FBG sensors are bonded to the surface of the structure, or are integrated into structure by manufacturing process. The optimum PWAS size and excitation frequency for energy transfer was determined. The FBG sensors parameters (size, spectrum, reflectivity, etc.) for ultrasonic guided waves sensing were also evaluated. We focused on the optimum FBG length and design to improve the sensitivity, coverage, and signal to noise ratio. In this research, we built the fundamental understanding of different sensors with optimum placement. Calibration and performance improvements for the optical interrogation system are also discussed. The paper ends with conclusions and suggestions for further work.

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