scholarly journals A Look into the Past: Tracing Ancient Sustainable Manuring Practices by Thorough P Speciation of Northern European

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acksel ◽  
Baumann ◽  
Hu ◽  
Leinweber
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Ancient Agriculture ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
The Baltic

Regionally restricted, hums-rich topsoils in Southwest Norway and the Baltic Sea region of Germany and Denmark were formed by inputs of various amendments (combustion residues and marine biomass) and, therefore, were classified as Anthrosols. For a deeper insight into the ancient management practices, we investigated the elemental and P-composition in the upper and underlying horizons from 12 soil profiles in the Jæren region, at the islands of Karmøy and Feøy (Norway), at the island of Fehmarn and the peninsula of Wagrien (Germany), and at the islands of Poel (Germany) and Sjaelland (Denmark). We used aqua regia digestion and the complementary methods of sequential P fractionation, phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (P-XANES) spectroscopy, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy. Results were compared with the composition of differently amended and/or un-amended soils from other studies. In addition, archaeological literature was used to confirm possible inputs of specific P-containing amendments in ancient agriculture. The P composition from SF of the Anthrosols in Norway (44% NaOH-Pi >1 8% NaOH-Po > 14% NaHCO3-Pi, 12% H2SO4-P > 7% NaHCO3-Po > 3% residual-P = 3% resin-P) and complementary archaeological literature provided strong indication for the use of peat, sheep manure, compost, and human excreta. The Anthrosols in the Jæren region have been formed from peat, which had been used as alternative bedding material and had been mixed with sheep and/or cattle manure. The P-composition in the Anthrosols at the island of Fehmarn and at the peninsula of Wagrien (42% H2SO4-P > 25% residual-P > 10% NaOH-Po, 8% NaOH-Pi: > 6% NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po, 4% resin-P) resulted from the application of domestic cattle manure. This was strongly supported by archaeological findings of cattle bones in this region, as well as high proportions of Ca-P, as confirmed by P-XANES. The predominance of Po in the Anthrosols at the island of Poel and Sjaelland (31% NaOH-Po > 23% NaHCO3-Po, 21% H2SO4-P > 11% NaOH-Pi > 8% NaHCO3-Pi > 4% residual-P, 3% resin-P, in agreement with results from 31P-NMR) indicated low ancient inputs of various excrement or manure. This was supported by low livestock history at the island of Poel. In conclusion, these agricultural techniques can be considered as sustainable P recycling and soil amendment since they improved soil fertility for many generations.

scholarly journals Speciation and distribution of P associated with Fe and Al oxides in aggregate-sized fraction of an arable soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 6443-6452 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Jiang ◽  
R. Bol ◽  
S. Willbold ◽  
H. Vereecken ◽  
E. Klumpp
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Total P ◽  
Al Oxide

Abstract. To maximize crop productivity fertilizer P is generally applied to arable soils, a significant proportion of which becomes stabilized by mineral components and in part subsequently becomes unavailable to plants. However, little is known about the relative contributions of the different organic and inorganic P bound to Fe/Al oxides in the smaller soil particles. Alkaline (NaOH–Na2EDTA) extraction with solution 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy is considered a reliable method for extracting and quantifying organic P and (some) inorganic P. However, any so-called residual P after the alkaline extraction has remained unidentified. Therefore, in the present study, the amorphous (a) and crystalline (c) Fe/Al oxide minerals and related P in soil aggregate-sized fractions (> 20, 2–20, 0.45–2 and < 0.45 μm) were specifically extracted by oxalate (a-Fe/Al oxides) and dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate (DCB, both a- and c-Fe/Al oxides). These soil aggregate-sized fractions with and without the oxalate and DCB pre-treatments were then sequentially extracted by alkaline extraction prior to solution 31P-NMR spectroscopy. This was done to quantify the P associated with a- and c-Fe/Al oxides in both alkaline extraction and the residual P of different soil aggregate-sized fractions. The results showed that overall P contents increased with decreasing size of the soil aggregate-sized fractions. However, the relative distribution and speciation of varying P forms were found to be independent of soil aggregate-size. The majority of alkaline-extractable P was in the a-Fe/Al oxide fraction (42–47 % of total P), most of which was ortho-phosphate (36–41 % of total P). Furthermore, still significant amounts of particularly monoester P were bound to these oxides. Intriguingly, however, Fe/Al oxides were not the main bonding sites for pyrophosphate. Residual P contained similar amounts of total P associated with both a- (11–15 % of total P) and c-Fe oxides (7–13 % of total P) in various aggregate-sized fractions, suggesting that it was likely occluded within the a- and c-Fe oxides in soil. This implies that, with the dissolution of Fe oxides, this P may be released and thus available for plants and microbial communities.

scholarly journals Speciation and distribution of P associated with Fe and Al oxides in aggregate-sized fraction of an arable soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 9879-9903 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Jiang ◽  
R. Bol ◽  
S. Willbold ◽  
H. Vereecken ◽  
E. Klumpp
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Total P ◽  
Al Oxide

Abstract. To maximize crop productivity fertilizer P is generally applied to arable soils, a significant proportion of which becomes stabilized by mineral components and in part subsequently becomes unavailable to plants. However, little is known about the relative contributions of the different organic and inorganic P bound to Fe/Al oxides in the smaller soil particles. The alkaline (NaOH-Na2EDTA) extraction with solution 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy is considered as a reliable method for extracting and quantifying organic P and (some) inorganic P. However, any so-called residual P after the alkaline extraction has remained unidentified. Therefore, in the present study, the amorphous (a) and crystalline (c) Fe/Al oxide minerals and related P in soil aggregate-sized fractions (> 20, 2–20, 0.45–2 and < 0.45 μm) were specifically extracted by oxalate (a-Fe/Al oxides) and dithionite (DCB, both a- and c-Fe/Al oxides). These soil aggregate-sized fractions with and without the oxalate and DCB pre-treatments were then sequentially extracted by alkaline extraction prior to solution 31P-NMR spectroscopy. This was done to quantify the various chemical P forms which were associated with a- and c-Fe/Al oxides both in alkaline extraction and in the residual P of different soil aggregate-sized fractions. The results showed that overall P contents increased with decreasing size of the soil aggregate-sized fractions. However, the relative distribution and speciation of varying P forms were found to be independent of soil aggregate-size. The majority of alkaline extractable P was in the a-Fe/Al oxide fraction (42–47 % of total P), most of which was orthophosphate (36–41 % of total P). Furthermore, still significant amounts of particularly monoester P were bound to the oxides. Intriguingly, however, Fe/Al oxides were not the main bonding sites for pyrophosphate. Residual P contained similar amounts of total P associated with both a- (10–13 % of total P) and c-Fe oxides (10–12 % of total P) in various aggregate-sized fractions, suggesting that it was likely occluded within the a- and c-Fe oxides in soil. This implies that with the dissolution of Fe oxides, these P may be released and thus available for plants and microbial communities.

Quantitative Determination of Krill Oil Composition by ATR-FTIR, NIR, and 31P NMR Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Ismail ◽  
Sanaz Molaye Moghaddam ◽  
Jean-Pierre MetabanzoulouSarya Aziz ◽  
Jacqueline Sedman ◽  
Mazen Bahadi
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Krill Oil ◽  
Oil Composition

Enzymatic decomposition of a locked nucleoside phosphoramidate monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Procházková ◽  
Hubert Hřebabecký ◽  
Radim Nencka ◽  
Martin Dračínský
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Magnesium on Post Mortem Phosphocreatine Utilization in Skeletal Muscle of Swine: A Non-Invasive Study Using 31P-NMR Spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
B. Moesgaard ◽  
I. Errebo Larsen ◽  
B. Quistorff ◽  
I. Therkelsen ◽  
V. Grøsfjeld Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dietary Magnesium

Unravelling the dissolution mechanism of polyphosphate glasses by 31P NMR spectroscopy: ligand competition and reactivity of intermediate complexes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahiana Andrea Avila Salazar ◽  
Peter Bellstedt ◽  
Atsuhiro Miura ◽  
Yuki Oi ◽  
Toshihiro Kasuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Dissolution Mechanism ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Glass Dissolution ◽  
Polyphosphate Glasses

Phosphate glass dissolution can be tailored via compositional and subsequent structural changes, which is of interest for biomedical applications such as therapeutic ion delivery. Here, solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance...

CHANGES WITH TIME IN THE FORM AND AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS ON CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. WAGAR ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
J. O. MOIR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Labile P ◽  
P Transformations ◽  
Stable Forms

A sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure was used to measure the changes in the labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P following single broadcast P applications to Canadian Chernozemic soils under cereal cropping. Approximately half of the fertilizer residues remained in plant-available forms (resin, NaHCO3). In a Black Waskada clay loam 8 yr after the application of 200 and 400 kg P ha−1, residual fertilizer P consisted of resin-P, 30–40%; HCl-P, 25–30%; residue-P, 10–15%; NaOH-P, 10–15%, NaHCO3-P, 10%; and aggregate protected P, 3%. The residues in a Dark Brown Sutherland clay 5 yr after the application of 160 kg P ha−1 were: resin-P, 35%; NaOH-P, 30–40%; NaHCO3-P, 15%; HCl-P, 0–5%; H2SO4-P, 5%; and aggregate protected P, 5%. The soils differed in the quantity of fertilizer recovered in inorganic HCl-extractable forms. In the Sutherland soil the change from wheat-fallow to continuous wheat cropping produced a build-up of organic P which occurred with and without the addition of P fertilizer. Key words: Residual P, P transformations, Labile Pi; labile Po, stable Pi stable Po

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document