Do People Place More Value on Natural Gas Than Coal for Power Generation to Abate Particulate Matter Emissions? Evidence from South Korea

Abstract Gas turbines are often the master pieces of the utilities that power Oil and Gas (O&G) installations as they most often operate in off-grid mode and must reliably deliver the electric power and the steam streams required by all the Exploration/Production (EP) or refining processes. In addition to reliability, fuel flexibility is an important score card of gas turbines since they must permanently accommodate the type of fuel which is available on the particular O&G site. For instance, during the operation of an associated gas field, crude oil comes out from the well heads as the gas reserves are declining or depleted. The utility gas turbine must then be capable to successively burn natural gas and crude oil and often to co-fire both fuels. An important feature of crude oils is that their combustion tends to emit significantly more particulate matter (PM) than do distillate oil and natural gas as they contain some heavier hydrocarbon ends. Taking account of the fact that some alternative liquid fuels emit more particulates matter (PM) than distillate oils, GE has investigated a class of soot suppressant additives that have been previously tested on light distillate oil (No 2 DO). As a continuation of this development, these products have been field-tested at an important refining site where several Frame 6B gas turbines have been converted from natural gas to crude oil with some units running in cofiring mode. This field test showed that proper injections of these fuel additives, at quite moderate concentration levels, enable a substantial abatement of the PM emissions and reduction of flue gas opacity. This paper outlines the main outcomes of this field campaign and consolidates the overall results obtained with this smoke suppression technology.

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Technology for Predicting Particulate Matter Emissions at Construction Sites in South Korea

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132413792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 13792

Author(s):

Jihwan Yang ◽

Sungho Tae ◽

Hyunsik Kim

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

South Korea ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Emission Factor ◽

National Level ◽

Construction Sites ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions ◽

Surrounding Areas

In recent years, particulate matter (PM) has emerged as a major social issue in various industries, particularly in East Asia. PM not only causes various environmental, social, and economic problems but also has a large impact on public health. Thus, there is an urgent requirement for reducing PM emissions. In South Korea, the PM generated at construction sites in urban areas directly or indirectly causes various environmental problems in surrounding areas. Construction sites are considered a major source of PM that must be managed at the national level. Therefore, this study aims to develop a technology for predicting PM emissions at construction sites. First, the major sources of PM at construction sites are determined. Then, PM emission factors are calculated for each source. Furthermore, an algorithm is developed for calculating PM emissions on the basis of an emission factor database, and a system is built for predicting PM emissions at construction sites. The reliability of the proposed technology is evaluated through a case study. The technology is expected to be used for predicting potential PM emissions at construction sites before the start of construction.

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Optimal Share of Natural Gas in the Electric Power Generation of South Korea: A Note

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11133705 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 3705 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gyeong-Sam Kim ◽

Hyo-Jin Kim ◽

Seung-Hoon Yoo

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Natural Gas ◽

South Korea ◽

Electric Power ◽

Production Function ◽

Peak Power ◽

Annual Data ◽

Electric Power Generation ◽

National Output

Natural gas (NG) not only emits fewer greenhouse gases and air pollutants than coal but also plays the role of a peak power source that can respond immediately to the variability of increasing renewables. Although the share of NG generation worldwide is increasing, it is difficult for South Korea to increase its NG generation significantly in terms of fuel supply security, since it depends on imports for all of the NG used for power generation. Therefore, the optimal share of NG generation in electric power generation is a serious concern. This note attempts to estimate the optimal share by modelling the plausible relationship between NG generation and national output in the Cobb–Douglas production function setting and then deriving the output-maximizing share of NG generation. The production function is statistically significantly estimated using annual data from 1990 to 2016, allowing for the first-order serial correlation. The optimal share is computed to be 20.3%. Therefore, it is recommended that South Korea increases the share of NG generation slightly and makes efforts to secure a stable NG supply, given that, according to the national plan, the share will be 18.8% in 2030.

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Characterization of the composition and toxicity of particulate matter emissions from advanced heavy-duty natural gas engines

10.33915/etd.542 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Arvind Thiruvengadam Padmavathy

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Natural Gas Engines ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions

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Characterization of Particulate Matter Emissions from a Current Technology Natural Gas Engine

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es5005973 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (14) ◽

pp. 8235-8242 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Arvind Thiruvengadam ◽

Marc C. Besch ◽

Seungju Yoon ◽

John Collins ◽

Hemanth Kappanna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Gas Engine ◽

Natural Gas Engine ◽

Current Technology ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions ◽

A Current

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An Experimental Investigation on the Combustion and Emissions Performance of a Natural Gas–Diesel Dual Fuel Engine at Low and Medium Loads

Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion ◽

10.1115/icef2015-1041 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hongsheng Guo ◽

W. Stuart Neill ◽

Brian Liko

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fuel Combustion ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Combustion Stability ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions ◽

Dual Fuel Combustion

Natural gas is an abundant and inexpensive fuel in North America. It produces lower greenhouse gas emissions than diesel fuel when burned in an internal combustion engine. It is also considered to be a clean fuel because it generates lower particulate matter emissions than diesel fuel during combustion. In this study, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the combustion and emissions performance of a natural gas – diesel dual fuel engine at low and medium loads. A single cylinder direct injection diesel engine was modified to operate as the dual fuel engine. The diesel fuel was directly injected into the cylinder, while natural gas was injected into the intake port. The operating conditions, such as engine speed, load, intake temperature and pressure, were well controlled during the experiment. The effect of natural gas fraction on energy efficiency, cylinder pressure, exhaust temperature, and combustion stability were recorded and analyzed. The emissions data, including particulate matter, nitric oxides, carbon monoxide, and methane at various natural gas fractions and operating conditions were also analyzed. The results showed that natural gas – diesel dual fuel combustion slightly decreased brake thermal efficiency at low and medium load conditions and significantly reduced carbon dioxide and particulate matter emissions. Methane and NOx emissions increased in dual fuel combustion mode compared to diesel operation. The variation of carbon monoxide emissions in dual fuel mode depended on load and speed conditions.

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