scholarly journals Understanding Barriers in Indian Ocean Tuna Commission Allocation Negotiations on Fishing Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6665
Author(s):  
Hussain Sinan ◽  
Megan Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
New Members ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Equitable Allocation ◽  
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations

Tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) have been given an arduous mandate under the legal framework of the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement. Member states with different interests and objectives are required to cooperate and collaborate on the conservation and management of tuna and tuna-like species, which includes the allocation of fishing opportunities. It is well understood that the main RFMO allocation disagreements are the inability to agree on a total allowable catch, the lack of willingness to accept new members, disagreement on who should bear the conservation burden, and non-compliance with national allocations owning to perceived inequities. Addressing these elements is crucial for any organization if it is to sustain its credibility stability and legitimacy. This paper identifies additional barriers facing an equitable allocation process at the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). These challenges are multi-faceted and include institutional, political, and scientific barriers in the ongoing allocation negotiations, and further inhibit effective negotiation and resolution adoption as a whole. After almost 10 years of negotiations, the process has progressed little, and without agreement on these barriers it will be a challenge to adopt a stable systematic allocation process.

7 Fishing and the Conservation of Marine Living Resources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison James
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations ◽  
Law Making

Chapter 7 reviews the legal framework for the regulation of fishing in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and explains how States have developed additional rules and standards for the conservation of marine living resources at global and regional levels. In particular, the analysis considers the extent to which States have implemented a precautionary and ecosystems approach to fisheries, as well as how they have sought to adopt law-making techniques that overcome the challenges of regulating the open-access resources of the high seas. The chapter covers major developments in the international law of fisheries, including the Code of Conduct on Responsible Fisheries, the Fish Stocks Agreement, the Port State Measures Agreement, and the International Guidelines on Deep-Sea Fisheries. The role of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) in implementing these instruments is considered a key feature of the law-making process. The chapter also addresses the specific regimes that apply to anadromous species, catadromous species, and marine mammals.

scholarly journals The potential of the spiny lobster fishery in Aceh waters: A short review

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
A Damora ◽  
N Fadli ◽  
S Andriyono ◽  
A Suman
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Spiny Lobsters ◽  
Management Area ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract The western-southern and northern coastal waters of Aceh are the potential fishing areas of spiny lobster, which faces the Indian Ocean and the Andaman Sea. Fishing gears that are widely used are lobster gill nets and hand-picking with compressors. In Indonesia, seven species of spiny lobsters are caught in these waters, including Panulirus homarus, P. penicillatus, P. versicolor, P. ornatus, P. polyphagus, P. longipes longipes, and P. longipes femoristiga. The habitat for spiny lobsters is spread from coral reefs, rock, sand, and muddy sand. Panulirus homarus is the most frequently caught species in these waters, followed by P. penicillatus and P. longipes. Panulirus homarus is mainly caught during the dry season (southwest wind) and high waves (May to July), where other lobster species experience a significant decrease in the catch. The stock of spiny lobster in Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 572 (including Aceh coastal waters) has been in an overfishing condition since 2008. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of spiny lobster in Aceh coastal waters part of Malacca Strait (FMA 571) is 188.60 tons.yr−1 with a total allowable catch (TAC) of 151.10 tons. yr−1. Furthermore, the MSY for Aceh coastal waters part of Indian Ocean is 292.09 tons.yr−1 with a TAC of 233.92 tons.yr−1. Spiny lobster fishing in Aceh coastal waters must ensure its use in the future, both ecologically, socially, and economically.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CASE STUDY OF 2012 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKES ON THAILAND’S

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.

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