DNA barcoding and morphological identification of spiny lobsters in South Korean waters: a new record of Panulirus longipes and Panulirus homarus homarus

To date, 19 species of spiny lobsters from the genus Panulirus have been discovered, of which only P. japonicus, P. penicilatus, P. stimpsoni, and P. versicolor have been documented in South Korean waters. In this study, we aimed to identify and update the current list of spiny lobster species that inhabit South Korean waters based on the morphological features and the phylogenetic profile of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Spiny lobsters were collected from the southern and eastern coasts of Jeju Island, South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The ML tree was used to determine the spiny lobster lineages, thereby clustering the 17 specimens collected in this study into clades A, B, C, and D, which were reciprocally monophyletic with P. japonicus, P. homarus homarus, P. longipes, and P. stimpsoni, respectively. These clades were also supported by morphological examinations. Interestingly, morphological variations, including the connected pleural and transverse groove at the third abdominal somite, were observed in four specimens that were genetically confirmed as P. japonicus. This finding is novel within the P. japonicus taxonomical reports. Additionally, this study updates the documentation of spiny lobsters inhabiting South Korean waters as P. longipes and P. homarus homarus were recorded for the first time in this region.

The effect of probiotic and prebiotic-MOS on the survival, growth and immune competence on spiny lobster Panulirus homarus culture

The use of probiotics and prebiotic to improve growth and health status of spiny lobster has been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to obtain the effect of probiotics and prebiotics for the culture of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus. The method was initiated with culturing of probiotics (4 strains) and supplemented it in a moist diets. Spiny lobster was collected from Jembrana-Bali waters with an initial body weight of 70.34 ± 4.5 g and cultured in concrete tanks with volume of 4 m3. Initial stock density for each treatment was 15 pcs / m3. The treatments tested were supplemented on moist diets with (A) probiotics, (B) probiotics and prebiotics-MOS (Mannan Oligo Sacharida) and (C) Controle (without probiotics and prebiotic) and each treatment with three replication. The results obtained that the survival rate of spiny lobster was not significantly different (P> 0.05), i.e. (A) 92.70%, (B) 93.33 (%) and (C) 93.33% respectively. However, the results of probiotics supplementation as well as a combination of probiotics and prebiotics showed growth differences compared to control (P<0.05), namely (A) 156.97 ± 6.17 g, (B) 153.75 ± 9.17 g, while (C) control 131.47 ± 7.91 g. The probiotics supplementation on moist diets could increased health status of spiny lobsters, this was expressed by target genes related to immunity (ALFHa-1, ALFHa-4, SAA, ProPO, Tgase and CP). Spiny lobster immunity increased by 2.60 to 42.7 times after challenging with MHD (Milky Haemolymph Disease). The supplementation of probiotics and prebiotics (MOS) could increase immune response by 2.10 to 25.75 times, respectively after challenging with MHD.

The potential of the spiny lobster fishery in Aceh waters: A short review

The western-southern and northern coastal waters of Aceh are the potential fishing areas of spiny lobster, which faces the Indian Ocean and the Andaman Sea. Fishing gears that are widely used are lobster gill nets and hand-picking with compressors. In Indonesia, seven species of spiny lobsters are caught in these waters, including Panulirus homarus, P. penicillatus, P. versicolor, P. ornatus, P. polyphagus, P. longipes longipes, and P. longipes femoristiga. The habitat for spiny lobsters is spread from coral reefs, rock, sand, and muddy sand. Panulirus homarus is the most frequently caught species in these waters, followed by P. penicillatus and P. longipes. Panulirus homarus is mainly caught during the dry season (southwest wind) and high waves (May to July), where other lobster species experience a significant decrease in the catch. The stock of spiny lobster in Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 572 (including Aceh coastal waters) has been in an overfishing condition since 2008. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of spiny lobster in Aceh coastal waters part of Malacca Strait (FMA 571) is 188.60 tons.yr−1 with a total allowable catch (TAC) of 151.10 tons. yr−1. Furthermore, the MSY for Aceh coastal waters part of Indian Ocean is 292.09 tons.yr−1 with a TAC of 233.92 tons.yr−1. Spiny lobster fishing in Aceh coastal waters must ensure its use in the future, both ecologically, socially, and economically.

Identification of Vibrio spp. causing vibriosis in spiny lobsters (Panulirus homarus L.) in Bengkulu marine temporary shelter ponds

Spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) is one of the export commodities of the Indonesian fisheries subsector and an important component for shrimp fisheries in Indonesia. In the development of lobster cultivation, there are several obstacles, the presence of vibriosis infection caused by the pathogenic Vibrio bacteria. This study aimed to identify Vibrio spp. bacteria in spiny lobsters (P. homarus) reared in the marine cultivation ponds, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Clinical symptoms of lobsters infected with vibriosis are red spots on the uropod, pleopod, and abdominal parts. Bacterial isolation was conducted by isolated some internal organs in spiny lobsters, that are, gills, stomachs, haemolymph, and hepatopancreas. The result showed there are 5 isolates of Vibrio bacteria that coded by IN3, ST2, HA1, HP2, and HP3. These bacteria isolates were identified through their colony morphology and biochemical tests. Characterization on the Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose (TCBS) medium showed that lobsters were infected with Vibrio species. Based on Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Austin and Austin, the identification results showed that HA1 isolate was identified as Vibrio algynolyticus, IN3 isolate was identified as V. anguillarum, ST2 was identified as V. ordalii, HP2 in first lobster was identified as with V. algynolyticus that mostly in the hepatopancreas, and HP3 was identified as V. splendidus

Proximate Analysis and Mineral Composition of Commercially Important Spiny Lobsters from Visakhapatnam Coast, Andhra Pradesh, India

The research work was carried out to assess the dietary qualities of spiny lobsters collected from Visakhapatnam fishing harbour, situated on the northeast coast of Andhra Pradesh. The species selected were Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758), P. ornatus (Fabricius, 1798), P. versicolor (Latreille, 1804), and P. polyphagus (Herbst, 1793). The species were morphometrically measured, and their tissue was analyzed for the comparative proximate composition (Moisture, Protein, Lipid, and Ash) on a dry weight basis. Protein content was found to be high in all the lobster species. Highest protein content was observed in P. homarus (mg/g), followed by P. ornatus and P. versicolor (mg/g). Moisture percentage was 72.7, 75.7, 76.2, and 74.8% respectively. In addition, four minerals were analysed (Ca, Na, K, and Mg) in the present study. Calcium was observed maximum in all the species, and Magnesium was recorded minimum in all the lobsters.

Metabolic Plasticity Improves Lobster´s Resilience to Ocean Warming but Not to Climate-driven Novel Species Interactions

Marine species not only suffer from direct effects of warming oceans but also indirectly via the emergence of novel species interactions. While metabolic adjustments can be crucial to improve resilience to warming, it is largely unknown if this improves performance relative to novel competitors. We aimed to identify if spiny lobsters – inhabiting a global warming and species re-distribution hotspot - align their metabolic performance to improve resilience to both warming and novel species interactions. We measured metabolic and escape capacity of two Australian spiny lobsters, resident Jasus edwardsii and the range-shifting Sagmariasus verreauxi, acclimated to current average- (14.0°C), current summer- (17.5°C) and projected future summer- (21.5°C) habitat temperatures. We found that both species decreased their standard metabolic rate with increased acclimation temperature, while sustaining their scope for aerobic metabolism. However, the resident lobster showed reduced anaerobic escape performance at warmer temperatures and failed to match the metabolic capacity of the range-shifting lobster. We conclude that although resident spiny lobsters optimise metabolism in response to seasonal and future temperature changes, they may be unable to physiologically outperform their range-shifting competitors. This highlights the critical importance of exploring direct as well as indirect effects of temperature changes to understand climate change impacts.

Improving Survival of Juvenile Scalloped Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus) and Crucifix Crab (Charybdis feriatus) Using Shelter and Live Prey

Cannibalism is a major problem in lobster and crab aquaculture. Reducing the aggressive characteristics of lobsters and crabs can improve survival during the culturing process. In this study, juvenile scalloped spiny lobsters (Panulirus homarus) and crucifix crabs (Charybdis feriatus) were both cultured under different shelter and live prey conditions. Groups with shelter (seaweed and cotton filter) showed a better survival rate than the control group (no shelter; p < 0.05) for both Pa. homarus and Char. feriatus. Co-culturing with live prey (Litopenaeus vannamei) significantly benefited the juveniles of Pa. homarus and visibly increased the survival of juvenile Char. feriatus. Although providing shelter is currently the main method for reducing agonistic behavior, it must be continually altered as the lobsters and crabs grow. Live prey can grow and attract lobsters and crabs to hunt them, and live prey can be supplemented at any time. They can also be used as an additional source of income during the harvest season.