scholarly journals Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5369
Author(s):  
Rajesh Khatakho ◽  
Dipendra Gautam ◽  
Komal Raj Aryal ◽  
Vishnu Prasad Pandey ◽  
Rajesh Rupakhety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Urban Fire ◽  
Hazard Risk Assessment

Natural hazards are complex phenomena that can occur independently, simultaneously, or in a series as cascading events. For any particular region, numerous single hazard maps may not necessarily provide all information regarding impending hazards to the stakeholders for preparedness and planning. A multi-hazard map furnishes composite illustration of the natural hazards of varying magnitude, frequency, and spatial distribution. Thus, multi-hazard risk assessment is performed to depict the holistic natural hazards scenario of any particular region. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, multi-hazard risk assessments are rarely conducted in Nepal although multiple natural hazards strike the country almost every year. In this study, floods, landslides, earthquakes, and urban fire hazards are used to assess multi-hazard risk in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is then integrated with the Geographical Information System (GIS). First, flood, landslide, earthquake, and urban fire hazard assessments are performed individually and then superimposed to obtain multi-hazard risk. Multi-hazard risk assessment of Kathmandu Valley is performed by pair-wise comparison of the four natural hazards. The sum of observations concludes that densely populated areas, old settlements, and the central valley have high to very high level of multi-hazard risk.

scholarly journals Hazard interaction analysis for multi-hazard risk assessment: a systematic classification based on hazard-forming environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyin Liu ◽  
Yim Ling Siu ◽  
Gordon Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Hazard Risk Assessment

Abstract. This paper develops a systematic hazard interaction classification based on the geophysical environment that natural hazards arise from – the hazard-forming environment. According to their contribution to natural hazards, geophysical environmental factors in the hazard-forming environment were categorized into two types. The first are relatively stable factors which construct the precondition for the occurrence of natural hazards, whilst the second are trigger factors, which determine the frequency and magnitude of hazards. Different combinations of geophysical environmental factors induce different hazards. Based on these geophysical environmental factors for some major hazards, the stable factors are used to identify which kinds of natural hazards influence a given area, and trigger factors are used to classify the relationships between these hazards into four types: independent, mutex, parallel and series relationships. This classification helps to ensure all possible hazard interactions among different hazards are considered in multi-hazard risk assessment. This can effectively fill the gap in current multi-hazard risk assessment methods which to date only consider domino effects. In addition, based on this classification, the probability and magnitude of multiple interacting natural hazards occurring together can be calculated. Hence, the developed hazard interaction classification provides a useful tool to facilitate improved multi-hazard risk assessment.

scholarly journals Multi-hazard risks in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 3363-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaella Depietri ◽  
Khila Dahal ◽  
Timon McPhearson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
York City ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Coastal Megacity ◽  
Hazard Risk Assessment

Abstract. Megacities are predominantly concentrated along coastlines, making them exposed to a diverse mix of natural hazards. The assessment of climatic hazard risk to cities rarely has captured the multiple interactions that occur in complex urban systems. We present an improved method for urban multi-hazard risk assessment. We then analyze the risk of New York City as a case study to apply enhanced methods for multi-hazard risk assessment given the history of exposure to multiple types of natural hazards which overlap spatially and, in some cases, temporally in this coastal megacity. Our aim is to identify hotspots of multi-hazard risk to support the prioritization of adaptation strategies that can address multiple sources of risk to urban residents. We used socioeconomic indicators to assess vulnerabilities and risks to three climate-related hazards (i.e., heat waves, inland flooding and coastal flooding) at high spatial resolution. The analysis incorporates local experts' opinions to identify sources of multi-hazard risk and to weight indicators used in the multi-hazard risk assessment. Results demonstrate the application of multi-hazard risk assessment to a coastal megacity and show that spatial hotspots of multi-hazard risk affect similar local residential communities along the coastlines. Analyses suggest that New York City should prioritize adaptation in coastal zones and consider possible synergies and/or trade-offs to maximize impacts of adaptation and resilience interventions in the spatially overlapping areas at risk of impacts from multiple hazards.

scholarly journals MULTI-HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT IN URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT USING AHP

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W8 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
A. Sharma ◽  
H. Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Land Use Suitability ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Suitability Maps ◽  
Hazard Risk Assessment

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Many cities across the world are exposed to more than one hazards. Focus on only the most prominent natural hazards, or the most recent event can be dangerous, as many potential threats to urban development are not assessed. Even when multiple hazards in a given area is assessed, there is a lot of confusion on how to utilize hazard information in making decisions for urban land-use planning. This study is aimed to develop a method to utilize hazard maps in urban land-use decision making. The study has identified numerous applications of GIS-based multi-criteria decision model (MCDM) for land-use suitability evaluation. It has then tried to integrate multiple hazard maps, a product of multi-hazard risk assessment, into the model to generate suitability maps for further development. The used parameters were correlated using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), one of the MCDM tool and incorporated into the GIS environment, with a comparison between the cases with- and without-hazard considerations. The application of the proposed method was tested for Madang Province, Papua New Guinea for four land-uses, i.e., residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural. The results of the model i.e., land-use suitability maps were spatially reflective of the model user’s decisions and understanding. This model gave considerable results for the urban development plan. Furthermore, comparison of the model outputs with and without hazard considerations led to notable differences. For example, almost 1% of the study area was rendered unsuitable for residential development in the assessment without hazard consideration. Besides, approximately 14% of the study area were assessed as suitable for without-hazard consideration but less suitable for with-hazard consideration. Since the hazard maps represented patterns and locations of natural hazards, our approach of incorporating them could help highlight the gaps in risk recognition with future development in hazardous areas.</p>

scholarly journals Hazard interaction analysis for multi-hazard risk assessment: a systematic classification based on hazard-forming environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 7203-7229 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Liu ◽  
Y. L. Siu ◽  
G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Hazard Risk Assessment

Abstract. This paper develops a systematic hazard interaction classification based on the geophysical environment that natural hazards arise from – the hazard-forming environment. According to their contribution to natural hazards, geophysical environmental factors in the hazard-forming environment were categorized into two types. The first are relatively stable factors which construct the precondition for the occurrence of natural hazards, whilst the second are trigger factors, which determine the frequency and magnitude of hazards. Different combinations of geophysical environmental factors induce different hazards. Based on these geophysical environmental factors for some major hazards, the stable factors are used to identify which kinds of natural hazards influence a given area, and trigger factors are used to classify the relationships between these hazards into four types: independent, mutex, parallel and series relationships. This classification helps to ensure all possible hazard interactions among different hazards are considered in multi-hazard risk assessment. This can effectively fill the gap in current multi-hazard risk assessment methods which to date only consider domino effects. In addition, based on this classification, the probability and magnitude of multiple interacting natural hazards occurring together can be calculated. Hence, the developed hazard interaction classification provides a useful tool to facilitate improved multi-hazard risk assessment.

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